① 请问一下局域网体系结构分为几层各层起什么作用
按照 IEEE802 标准,局域网体系结构分为三层,即物理层,媒体链路控制层(MAC),逻辑链路控制层(LLC)。实际上是两层,该标准将数据链路层拆分为更具体的媒体链路控制层和逻辑链路控制层。
1、物理层(PHY )
局域网中的物理层和计算机网络OSI参考模型中物理层的功能一样,主要处理物理链路上传输的比特流,实现比特流的传输与接收、同步前序的产生和删除;建立、维护、撤销物理连接,处理机械、电气和过程的特性。
2、媒体访问控制(MAC)
子层MAC子层负责介质访问控制机制的实现,即处理局域网中各站点对共享通信介质的争用问题,不同类型的局域网通常使用不同的介质访问控制协议,另外MAC子层还涉及局域网中的物理寻址。
3、逻辑链路控制(LLC) 子层
LLC子层负责屏蔽MAC子层的不同实现,将其变成统一的LLC界面,从而向网络层提供一致的服务。
(1)计算机网络phy是什么扩展阅读
局域网体系中的二层交换机和三层交换机
传统交换技术是在OSI网络标准模型第二层--数据链路层进行操作的。而三层交换技术是在网络模型中的第三层实现了数据包的高速转发,既可实现网络路由功能,又可根据不同网络状况做到最优网络性能。
二层交换技术从网桥发展到VLAN(虚拟局域网),在局域网建设和改造中得到了广泛的应用。第二层交换技术是工作在OSI七层网络模型中的第二层,即数据链路层。它按照所接收到数据包的目的MAC地址来进行转发,对于网络层或者高层协议来说是透明的。
三层交换(也称多层交换技术,或IP交换技术)是相对于传统交换概念而提出的。
三层交换技术的出现,解决了局域网中网段划分之后,网段中子网必须依赖路由器进行管理的局面,解决了传统路由器低速、复杂所造成的网络瓶颈问题。
作者:needrunning
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/788608d058ea
来源:简书
着作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
② 谁知道计算机方面的英文术语是哪些英文缩写最好有中文注释
3GIO(Third Generation InputOutput,第三代输入输出技术)
ACR(Advanced Communications Riser,高级通讯升级卡)
ADIMM(advanced Dual In-line Memory Moles,高级双重内嵌式内存模块)
AGTL+(Assisted Gunning Transceiver Logic,援助发射接收逻辑电路)
AHCI(Advanced Host Controller Interface,高级主机控制器接口)
AIMM(AGP Inline Memory Mole,AGP板上内存升级模块)
AMR(Audio/Modem Riser;音效/调制解调器主机板附加直立插卡)
AHA(Accelerated Hub Architecture,加速中心架构)
AOI(Automatic Optical Inspection,自动光学检验)
APU(Audio Processing Unit,音频处理单元)
ARF(Asynchronous Receive FIFO,异步接收先入先出)
ASF(Alert Standards Forum,警告标准讨论)
ASK IR(Amplitude Shift Keyed Infra-Red,长波形可移动输入红外线)
AT(Advanced Technology,先进技术)
ATX(AT Extend,扩展型AT)
BIOS(Basic InputOutput System,基本输入输出系统)
CNR(Communication and Networking Riser,通讯和网络升级卡)
CSA(Communication Streaming Architecture,通讯流架构)
CSE(Configuration Space Enable,可分配空间)
COAST(Cache-on-a-stick,条状缓存)
DASP(Dynamic Adaptive Speculative Pre-Processor,动态适应预测预处理器)
DB Device Bay,设备插架
DMI(Desktop Management Interface,桌面管理接口)
DOT(Dynamic Overclocking Technonlogy,动态超频技术)
DPP(direct print Protocol,直接打印协议
DRCG(Direct Rambus clock generator,直接RAMBUS时钟发生器)
DVMT(Dynamic Video Memory Technology,动态视频内存技术)
E(Economy,经济,或Entry-level,入门级)
EB(Expansion Bus,扩展总线)
EFI(Extensible Firmware Interface,扩展固件接口)
EHCI(Enhanced Host Controller Interface,加强型主机端控制接口)
EISA(Enhanced Instry Standard Architecture,增强形工业标准架构)
EMI(Electromagnetic Interference,电磁干扰)
ESCD(Extended System Configuration Data,可扩展系统配置数据)
ESR(Equivalent Series Resistance,等价系列电阻)
FBC(Frame Buffer Cache,帧缓冲缓存)
FireWire(火线,即IEEE1394标准)
FlexATX(Flexibility ATX,可扩展性ATX)
FSB(Front Side Bus,前端总线)
FWH(Firmware Hub,固件中心)
GB(Garibaldi架构,Garibaldi基于ATX架构,但是也能够使用WTX构架的机箱)
GMCH(Graphics & Memory Controller Hub,图形和内存控制中心)
GPA(Graphics Performance Accelerator,图形性能加速卡)
GPIs(General Purpose Inputs,普通操作输入)
GTL+(Gunning Transceiver Logic,发射接收逻辑电路)
HDIT(High Bandwidth Differential Interconnect Technology,高带宽微分互连技术)
HSLB(High Speed Link Bus,高速链路总线)
HT(HyperTransport,超级传输)
I2C(Inter-IC)
I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit,内置集成电路)
IA(Instantly Available,即时可用)
IBASES(Intel Baseline AGP System Evaluation Suite,英特尔基线AGP系统评估套件)
IC(integrate circuit,集成电路)
ICH(InputOutput Controller Hub,输入输出控制中心)
ICH-S(ICH-Hance Rapids,ICH高速型)
ICP(Integrated Communications Processor,整合型通讯处理器)
IHA(Intel Hub Architecture,英特尔Hub架构)
IMB(Inter Mole Bus,隐藏模块总线)
INTIN(Interrupt Inputs,中断输入)
IPMAT(Intel Power Management Analysis Tool,英特尔能源管理分析工具)
IR(infrared ray,红外线)
IrDA(infrared ray,红外线通信接口,可进行局域网存取和文件共享)
ISA(Instry Standard Architecture,工业标准架构)
ISA(instruction set architecture,工业设置架构)
K8HTB(K8 HyperTransport Bridge,K8闪电传输桥)
LSI(Large Scale Integration,大规模集成电路)
LPC(Low Pin Count,少针脚型接口)
MAC(Media Access Controller,媒体存储控制器)
MBA(manage boot agent,管理启动代理)
MC(Memory Controller,内存控制器)
MCA(Micro Channel Architecture,微通道架构)
MCC(Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor,积层陶瓷电容)
MCH(Memory Controller Hub,内存控制中心)
MDC(Mobile Daughter Card,移动式子卡)
MII(Media Independent Interface,媒体独立接口)
MIO(Media IO,媒体输入输出单元)
MOSFET(metallic oxide semiconctor field effecttransistor,金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)
MRH-R(Memory Repeater Hub,内存数据处理中心)
MRH-S(SDRAM Repeater Hub,SDRAM数据处理中心)
MRIMM(Media-RIMM,媒体RIMM扩展槽)
MSI(Message Signaled Interrupt,信息信号中断)
MSPCE(Multiple Streams with Pipelining and Concurrent Execution,多重数据流的流水线式传输与并发执行)
MT=MegaTransfers(兆传输率)
MTH(Memory Transfer Hub,内存转换中心)
MuTIOL(Multi-Threaded IO link,多线程IO链路)
NCQ(Native Command Qu,本地命令序列)
NGIO(Next Generation InputOutput,新一代输入输出标准)
NPPA(nForce Platform Processor Architecture,nForce平台处理架构)
OHCI(Open Host Controller Interface,开放式主控制器接口)
ORB(operation request block,操作请求块)
ORS(Over Reflow Soldering,再流回焊接,SMT元件的焊接方式)
P64H(64-bit PCI Controller Hub,64位PCI控制中心)
PCB(printed circuit board,印刷电路板)
PCBA(Printed Circuit Board Assembly,印刷电路板装配)
PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect,互连外围设备)
PCI SIG(Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group,互连外围设备专业组)
PDD(Performance Driven Design,性能驱动设计)
PHY(Port Physical Layer,端口物理层)
POST(Power On Self Test,加电自测试)
PS2(Personal System 2,第二代个人系统)
PTH(Plated-Through-Hole technology,镀通孔技术)
RE(Read Enable,可读取)
QP(Quad-Pumped,四倍泵)
RBB(Rapid BIOS Boot,快速BIOS启动)
RNG(Random number Generator,随机数字发生器)
RTC(Real Time Clock,实时时钟)
KBC(KeyBroad Control,键盘控制器)
SAP(Sideband Address Port,边带寻址端口)
SBA(Side Band Addressing,边带寻址)
SBC(single board computer,单板计算机)
SBP-2(serial bus protocol 2,第二代串行总线协协)
SCI(Serial Communications Interface,串行通讯接口)
SCK (CMOS clock,CMOS时钟)
SDU(segment data unit,分段数据单元)
SFF(Small Form Factor,小尺寸架构)
SFS(Stepless Frequency Selection,步进频率选项)
SMA(Share Memory Architecture,共享内存结构)
SMT(Surface Mounted Technology,表面黏贴式封装)
SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface,串行外围设备接口)
SSLL(Single Stream with Low Latency,低延迟的单独数据流传输)
STD(Suspend To Disk,磁盘唤醒)
STR(Suspend To RAM,内存唤醒)
SVR(Switching Voltage Regulator,交换式电压调节)
THT(Through Hole Technology,插入式封装技术)
UCHI(Universal Host Controller Interface,通用宿主控制器接口)
UPA(Universal Platform Architecture,统一平台架构)
UPDG(Universal Platform Design Guide,统一平台设计导刊)
USART(Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter,通用同步异步接收传送器)
USB(Universal Serial Bus,通用串行总线)
API(Application Programming Interfaces,应用程序接口)
ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange,美国国家标准信息交换代码)
ATL ActiveX Template Library(ActiveX模板库)
BASICBeginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code(初学者通用指令代码)
COM Component Object Model(组件对象模式)
DNA Distributed Internet Application(分布式因特网应用程序)
HLL(high level language,高级语言)
HLLCA(High-Level Language Computing Architecture,高级语言计算架构)
MFC Microsoft Foundation Classes(微软基础类库)
NVSDK(nVidia Software Development Kit,nvidia软件开发工具包)
SDK(Software Development Kit,软件开发工具包)
STL(Standard Template Library,标准模版库)
AES(Attachment Execution Service,附件执行服务)
ASF(Advanced Streaming Format,高级数据流格式)
ASP(Active Server Pages,活动服务页)
BRC(Beta Release Candidate,测试发布候选版0)
CE(Consumer Electronics,消费电子)
COA(Certificate of Authenticity,真品证明书)
DCOM(Distributing Component Object Model,分布式组成物体模块)
DCE(Desktop Composition Engine,桌面组成引擎)
DEP(data execution prevention,数据执行预防)
DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol,动态主机分配协议)
DID(Device ID,设备ID)
dll(dynamic link library,动态链接库)
DMF Distribution Media Format
DMT(Discreet Monitor Timing,智能型显示器调速)
DOM(Document Object Model,文档目标模型)
DUN(Dial-Up Networking,拨号网络)
E-WDM(Enhanced Windows Driver Model,增强型视窗驱动程序模块)
EULA(End-User License Agreement,最终用户释放协议)
EPM(enterprise project manage)
ERD(Emergency Repair Disk,应急修理磁盘)
GDI(Graphics Device Interface,图形设备接口)
GUI(Graphics User Interface,图形用户界面)
GPF(General protect fault,一般保护性错误)
GTF(General Timing Formula,普通调速方程式)
HCL(Hardware Compatibility List,硬件兼容性列表)
HCRP(Hard Cable Replacement Profile,硬复制电缆复位协议子集)
HE(Home Edition,家庭版)
HTA HyperText Application,超文本应用程序
IAS(Internet Authentication Service,因特网证明服务)
ICF(Internet Connection Firewall,因特网连接防火墙)
IIS(Internet Information Server,因特网信息服务器)
INF File(Information File,信息文件)
INI File(Initialization File,初始化文件)
IOMON(Intel WDM IO Subsystem Performance Monitor,英特尔WDM输入输出子系统性能监视)
LOB(Large Object,大型对象)
MBSA(Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer,微软基准安全分析器)
ME(Millennium Edition,千年版)
MMC(Microsoft Management Console,微软管理控制台)
MMC(MultiMedia Controler,多媒体控制器)
MTP(Microsoft Multimedia Transport Protocol,微软多媒体传输器协议)
MUI(Multilingual User Interface,多语言用户接口)
NDIS Network Driver Interface Specification,网络驱动程序接口规范
NT(New Technology,新技术)
OLE(Object Linking and Embedding,对象链接和嵌入)
OPP(Object Push Profile,物体推拉传输协议)
PAN(Personal Area Networking,个人区域网络)
Qos(Quality of Service,服务质量)
RC(Release Candidate,候补释放版)
RDP(Remote Desktop Protocol,远程桌面协议)
RMS(Rights Management Services,版权管理服务)
RPC(remote procere calls,远程程序呼叫)
RRVP Resource ReserVation Protocol(资源保留协议)
RsoP(Resultant Set of Policy,方针结果规定)
RTM(release to manufacture,厂商版,公开发行批量生产)
RTOS(Real Time Operating Systems,实时操作系统)
SBFS Simple Boot Flag Specification,简单引导标记规范
SDP(Service Discovery Protocol,服务发现协议)
SHS(Shell Scrap Object,外壳剪贴对象)
SID(Subsystem ID,子系统ID)
SIP(Session Initiation Protocol,会议起始协议)
SMS(Systems Management Server,系统管理服务器)
SP(Service Pack,服务工具包)
SVID(Subsystem Vendor ID,子系统销售者ID)
VBA(Visual Basic for Applications,应用程序可视化Basic)
VEFAT Virtual File Allocation Table(虚拟文件分配表)
VSDS(Visual Studio development System ,虚拟工作室发展系统)
VxD(Virtual device drivers,虚拟设备驱动程序)
VID(Vendor ID,销售者ID)
VLK(Volume License,大量授权企业版)
WebDAV(Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning,基于网页的分布式创造和翻译)
WDM(Windows Driver Model,视窗驱动程序模块)
WGF(Windows Graphic Foundation,视窗图形基础)
Winsock Windows Socket,视窗套接口
WFP(Windows File Protection,视窗文件保护)
WHQL Windows Hardware Quality Labs,Windows硬件质量实验室
WHS Windows Scripting Host,视窗脚本程序
WMA(Windows Media Audio,视窗媒体音频)
WMP(Windows Media Player,视窗媒体播放器)
WMS(Windows Media Services,视窗媒体服务)
ZAM Zero Administration for Windows,零管理视窗系统
CSS(Cascading Style Sheets,层叠格式表)
DCD Document Content Description for XML XML文件内容描述
DTD Document Type Definition,文件类型定义
DTXS(Decryption Transform for XML Signature,XML签名解密转换)
HTML(HyperText Markup Language,超文本标记语言)
JVM(Java Virtual Machine, Java虚拟机)
OJI Open Java VM Interface,开放JAVA虚拟机接口
SDML(Small Device Markup Language,小型设备标示语言)
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language,标准通用标记语言
SMIL Synchronous Multimedia Integrate Language(同步多媒体集成语言)
VRML:Virtual Reality Makeup Language,虚拟现实结构化语言
VXML(Voice eXtensible Markup Language,语音扩展标记语言)
XML Extensible Markup Language(可扩展标记语言)
XMLESP(XML Encryption Syntax and Processing,XML加密语法和处理)
XSL(Extensible Style Sheet Language,可扩展设计语言)
XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation,可扩展式表语言转换)
ABB(Advanced Boot Block,高级启动块)
ABP Address Bit Permuting,地址位序列改变
ADT(Advanced DRAM Technology,先进DRAM技术联盟)
AL(Additive Latency,附加反应时间)
ALDC(Adaptive Lossless Data Compression,适应无损数据压缩)
APM(Automated Precision Manufacturing,自动化精确生产)
ATC(Access Time from Clock,时钟存取时间)
ATP(Active to Precharge,激活到预充电)
BEDO(Burst Enhanced Data-Out RAM,突发型数据增强输出内存)
BPA(Bit Packing Architecture,位封包架构)
AFC media(antiferromagnetically coupled media,反铁磁性耦合介质)
BLP(Bottom Leaded Package,底部导向封装)
BSRAM(Burst pipelined synchronous static RAM,突发式管道同步静态存储器)
CAS(Column Address Strobe,列地址控制器)
CCT(Clock Cycle Time,时钟周期)
CDRAM(Cache DRAM,附加缓存型DRAM)
CL(CAS Latency,CAS反应时间)
CMR(Colossal Magnetoresistive,巨磁阻抗)
CPA(Close Page Autoprecharge,接近页自动预充电)
CSP(Chip Size Package,芯片尺寸封装)
CTR(CAS to RAS,列地址到行地址延迟时间)
DB Deep Buffer(深度缓冲)
DD(Double Side,双面内存)
DDBGA(Die Dimension Ball Grid Array,内核密度球状矩阵排列)
DDR(Double Date Rate,上下行双数据率)
DDR SDRAM(Double Date Rate,上下行双数据率SDRAM)
DRCG(Direct Rambus Clock Generator,直接RAMBUS时钟发生器)
DIL(al-in-line)
DIVA(Data IntensiVe Architecture,数据加强架构)
DIMM(Dual In-line Memory Moles,双重内嵌式内存模块)
DLL(Delay-Locked Loop,延时锁定循环电路)
DQS(Bidirectional data strobe,双向数据滤波)
DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory,动态随机存储器)
DRDRAM(Direct RAMBUS DRAM,直接内存总线DRAM)
DRSL(Direct RAMBUS Signaling Level,直接RAMBUS信号级)
DRSL(Differential Rambus Signaling Levels,微分RAMBUS信号级)
DSM(Distributed shared memory,分布式共享内存)
ECC(Error Checking and Correction,错误检查修正)
ED(Execution driven,执行驱动)
EDO(Enhanced Data-Out RAM,数据增强输出内存)
EHSDRAM(Enhanced High Speed DRAM,增强型超高速内存)
EL DDR(Enhanced Latency DDR,增强反应周期DDR内存)
EMS(Enhanced Memory System,增强内存系统)
EMS(Expanded Memory Specification,扩充内存规格)
EOL(End of Life,最终完成产品)
EPROM(erasable, programmable ROM,可擦写可编程ROM)
EPOC(Elevated Package Over CSP,CSP架空封装)
EPV(Extended Voltage Proteciton,扩展电压保护)
ESDRAM(Enhanced SDRAM,增强型SDRAM)
ESRAM(Enhanced SRAM,增强型SRAM)
EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM,电擦写可编程只读存储器)
FCRAM(Fast Cycle RAM,快周期随机存储器)
FEMMA(Foldable Electronic Memory Mole Assembly,折叠电子内存模块装配)
FM(Flash Memory,快闪存储器)
FMD ROM (Fluorescent Material Read Only Memory,荧光质只读存储器)
FPM(Fast Page Mode,快页模式内存)
HDSS( Holographic Data Storage System,全息数据存储系统)
HMC(holographic media card,全息媒体卡)
HMD(holographic media disk,全息媒体磁盘)
HSDRAM(High Speed DRAM,超高速内存)
LRU(least recently used,最少最近使用)
MADP(Memory Address Data Path,内存地址数据路径)
MDRAM(Multi Bank Random Access Memory,多储蓄库随机存储器)
MRAM(Magnetic Random Access Memory,磁性随机存取存储器)
ns(nanosecond,纳秒,毫微秒,10亿分之一秒)
NVRAM(Non-Volatile RAM,非可变性RAM)
NWX(no write transfer,非写转换)
ODR(Octal Data Rate,八倍数据率)
ODT(on-die termination,片内终结器)
OP(Open Page,开放页)
PIROM:Processor Information ROM,处理器信息ROM
PLEDM Phase-state Low Electron(hole)-number Drive Memory
PLL(Phase Lock Loop,相位锁定环)
PRISM(Photorefractive Information Storage Material,摄影折射信息存储原料)
PROM(Programmable Read Only Memory,可编程只读存储器)
PTA(Precharge to Active,预充电到激活)
QBM(Quad Band Memory,四倍边带内存)
QRSL(Quad Rambus Signaling Levels,四倍RAMBUS信号级)
RAC(Rambus Asic Cell,Rambus集成电路单元)
RAC(Row Access Time,行存取时间)
RAM(Random Access Memory,随机存储器)
RAS(Row Address Strobe,行地址控制器)
RAT(Precharge to Active Trp,预充电到激活时间)
RCD(Row to Cas Delay,行地址到列地址控制器延迟时间)
RDF(Rambus Developer Forum,RAMBUS发展商论坛)
RDRAM(Rambus Direct RAM,直接型RambusRAM)
RIMM(RAMBUS In-line Memory Moles,RAMBUS内嵌式内存模块)
ROM(read-only memory,只读存储器)
RRAM(Resistance RAM,非挥发性阻抗存储器)
RP(RAS Pre-charge Times,行地址预充电时间)
RL(Read Latency,读取反应时间)
SCP(CHIP SCALE PACKGE,芯片比例封装)
SD(Single Side,单面内存)
SDRAM(Synchronous Dynamic RAM,同步动态内存)
SDR(Single Date Rate,单数据率)
SDR SDRAM(Single Date Rate,单数据率SDRAM)
SGRAM(synchronous graphics RAM,同步图形随机储存器)
SIMM(Single Inline Memory Mole,单边直线内存模块)
SLM(Spatial Light Molator,空间光线调节器)
SM(Smart Media,智能存储卡)
SMRAM(System Management RAM,系统管理内存)
SODIMM(Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Moles,小型双重内嵌式内存模块)
SPD(Serial Presence Detect,串行存在检查)
SRAM(Static Random Access Memory,静态随机存储器)
SRAM(single-transistor DRAM,单晶体管DRAM)
SSFDC(Solid State Floppy Disk Card,固态软盘卡,通常指Smart Media)
SSTL(Stub Series Terminated Logic,残余连续终结逻辑电路)
TCP(Tape Carrier Packaging,带载封装)
TCSR(temperature compensated self refresh,温度补偿自刷新)
TD(Trace driven,追踪驱动)
TOM(Top of main memory,主内存顶端)
TSOPs(thin small outline packages,小型薄型封装)
UMA(Upper Memory Area,上部内存区)
ULVS(ultra low voltage signal,超低电压信号)
USWV(Uncacheable, Speculative, Write-Combining非缓冲随机混合写入)
VCRAM(Virtual Channel Memory,虚拟通道内存)
VCMA(Virtual Channel Memory architecture,虚拟通道内存结构)
VCSDRAM(Virtual Channel SDRAM,虚拟通道内存)
VM(Virtual Memory,虚拟存储器)
VR(Virtual Register,虚拟寄存器)
WBGA(Windows-BGA,WBGA的面积尺寸为传统TSOP封装的36.52%,重量为传统TSOP的23.37%,整个WBGA的面积与内核的比例为128%,也就是说,封装的面积仅比管芯大28%。
WL(Write Latency,写反应时间)
WORM(write-onceread many,写一次读多次介质)
XDR(eXtreme Data Rate,极速数据率)
XMS(Extended Memory,扩展内存)
③ 网口芯片是什么
应该是 网卡 的主控芯片、核心芯片 吧
很多芯片厂都有 这种芯片,瑞昱 的 8139/ 8168/8111
intel 82571/82576 等等
④ 笔记本电脑无线上网的原理是什么
无线网卡的工作原理是微波射频技术,笔记本目前有WIFI、GPRS、CDMA等几种无线数据传输模式来上网,后两者由中国电信和中国联通来实现,前者电信或网通有所参与,但不多主要是自己拥有接入互联网的WIFI基站(其实就是WIFI路由器等)和笔记本用的WIFI网卡。要说基本概念是差不多的,通过无线形式进行数据传输。无线上网遵循802.1q标准,通过无线传输,有无线接入点发出信号,用无线网卡接受和发送数据。x0dx0a x0dx0a 按照IEEE802.11协议,无线局域网卡分为媒体访问控制(MAC)层和物理层(PHY Layer)在两者之间,还定义了一个媒体访问控制-物理(MAC-PHY)子层(Sublayers)。MAC层提供主机与物理层之间的接口,并管理外部存储器,它与无线网卡硬件的NIC单元相对应。 x0dx0a x0dx0a 物理层具体实现无线电信号的接收与发射,它与无线网卡硬件中的扩频通信机相对应。物理层提供空闲信道估计CCA信息给MAC层,以便决定是否可以发送信号,通过MAC层的控制来实现无线网络的CCSMA/CA协议,而MAC-PHY子层主要实现数据的打包与拆包,把必要的控制信息放在数据包的前面。 x0dx0ax0dx0a IEEE802.11协议指出,物理层必须有至少一种提供空闲信道估计CCA信号的方法。无线网卡的工作原理如下:当物理层接收到信号并确认无错后提交给MAC-PHY子层,经过拆包后把数据上交MAC层,然后判断是否是发给本网卡的数据,若是,则上交,否则,丢弃。 x0dx0a x0dx0a 如果物理层接收到的发给本网卡的信号有错,则需要通知发送端重发此包信息。当网卡有数据需要发送时,首先要判断信道是否空闲。若空,随机退避一段时间后发送,否则,暂不发送。由于网卡为时分双工工作,所以,发送时不能接收,接收时不能发。