⑴ 如何正确使用网络英语作文80词
The computer is one kind of tool,is uses to us,but not plays; The
academic society uses the human is a smart person,will only play the
human will be the stupid person,you may access the net,to look that the
news,the understanding current event,will simultaneously raise itself to
study using the network,but plays the game purely,is obtained the more
network knowledge oneself.Although the network is a messenger,is also
the good teacher and helpful friend who studies,but excessively many
surfers can cause the vision to drop,the academic record drops; Serious
also has the possibility to create is with one's family broken up and
decimated!
电脑是一种工具,是给我们用的,而不是玩的；学会用的人是聪明人,只会玩的人则是愚蠢的人,你可以上网,看新闻、了解时事,
同时培养自己利用网络来学习,而不是单纯地玩游戏,让自己获得更多的网络知识.网络虽是一个通信员,也是学习上的良师益友,但过多的上网会导致视力下降,
学习成绩下降;严重的还有可能造成家破人亡!
⑵ 互联网的利与弊英语作文带翻译
With the development of the science and technology,the puter has been becoing the necessity for people in the 21st Century.Following,neork is of close link with our life,bringing us inparable convenience on our life and work.
Through the neork,we can search for useful datas and get to know the current events.When you play puter games after a long-time work,it can relieve your pressure and make you feel relaxed.Besides,playing online games is not all bad,for it can fulfil students' entertaining requests as well as practise their response ability.
However,there still exists some disadvantages in the neork.The radiation from the puter will do harm to people's health if you keep on watching the puter for a long time.And short sight may caused by it for your eyes stay tense.At present,there are too many games on the Inter,but some of them are not of good quality even contain some unhealthy content like violence and so on.Duo to the lack of recognizing society and self-protection awareness,some students get addicted in the games and online dating.
In fact,neork is not that horrible,as long as we know more about it,it will bee our right hand on our studies.Let's build a clean neork world together.
随着科技的发展,电脑在二十一世纪成了人们必要的用品.随之而基备来,网络与我们的生活息息相关,给现代人的生活、工作带来了无与伦比的方便.
通过网络,我们能查寻有用的资料,了解时事动态等等.当你工碧锋纳作了很长时间后去玩电脑游戏,可以减缓你的精神压力,放松你的心情.并且,上网玩游戏也不完全是坏事,因为学悔没生玩游戏可以锻炼手、脑的反应能力,满足学生娱乐需要.
但是网络也有弊.长时间的看电脑,电脑发出的辐射对人体有很大的害处.眼睛长期处于紧张状态容易造成近视.现在的电脑游戏众多,某些电脑游戏粗制滥造,甚至含有暴力等不健康内容.有的孩子由于对社会认识不足和自我保护意识缺乏,沉迷网络游戏,网络交友.
其实网络并不可怕,只要我们面对网络时多一些认识,网络就会成为我们学习上的有利助手.让我们一起创个干净的网络世界吧 !
Much of modern munication is done through the Inter as it tran *** its all kinds of information. Teenagers pose a major group of the Inter users, as we use it to research for papers, chat with friends and read e-mails.Obviously, we use the Inter because we need it. We need the quick access to information and knowledge. We need to municate with our friends via QQ or Skype. We need the convenience that the cyberspace offers.Now we can save our time buying things through the Inter, but we lose the chance to talk with people face to face. And what we only get is spending more time on the Inter! It numbed our feelings. I don't suppose an emoticon is better than a real *** ile, or a real hug. Because we human beings are made of flesh, not mental.望采纳
The advantage and disadvantage of Inter The society's development and prosperity depend upon the advanced technology or science and sophisticated technique.what's the tran *** ission for knowledgegs? how do you get the information? how do you know more apart from your teacher and mentor? from Library, yes, that's only one of ways that you can try. another way which proved even more important for seeking knowledge and instill yourself is by inter,especially in modern society.Inter is a endless ＂Knowledge Sea＂ for your search and exploitation. that's also one of the biggest advantages of inter. by inter, we can get information in what we want, science, astronomy, architecture, anthropology, archaeology etc without teacher or consultor.Besides for information obtainment, but also for doing business if you want. for instance, Taobao--the most famous shopping website of China, you can through the website of yourown to do business with others.that's can be regarded as a neork shopping site of you. if there is someone wants to buy things you listed in the sale items, then you will get profit from the trade transaction.There is another advantage which is monplace in the world. Distance-learning, yes, distance-learning, in this way, you can register in a distinguished and prestiged school for learning through inter only by the enrollment pay without walking out of your room and take long miles of ways to attend the class, there is no time limit, no place limit, you can learn new things in which you expect only by your puter, the inter, open the puter, click the website of the school, move your mouse, switch your microphone, then you will be able to attend the class. and some of them, if the video equipment is available to the learning course, then you can also switch your video device to see exactly the teacher or professor who has the class through the inter, his or her appearance, speaking manner, actions, all you will get like that the teacher is just in front of you to has class. For the advantage of such a learning style, you can take class in where you are, and you can also make arrangement with your professor for the timetable, then you can learn to when you want. and to be more, there is also no age limit for most inter-learning school. such a learning style is very important and popular in modern society, espcially for those people who are busy or have not time to go out for regular participation in learning. now here i also like to list some of the disadvantages of inter, as you know, everything has its o-edges, for inter, is also the same case. one of the most disadvantages of inter is that neork-game. espcially for that people in who has addicted. for same teenages, who are enchanted by the neork game will get failure and deprogress or degradation in school work. and we should avoid the childen from tripping into such a volution. another disadvantage is that inter crime. it means that somebody use the inter as a tool to doing something that threaten to society or people's secure both life and property, and we know for that mon words of ＂Hacker＂ which is with the purpose to destroy, stel or monitor government or enterprise's documentations or personnal data. In the end, i'd like to say, we should take the advantages of inter to make us progressive and sophisticated or knowledgeable, or doing business through it to make our life better, but for the disadvatages, we should definitely avoid from involving in, and say ＂No＂ to it. i wish all of you will be able to lead a more enjoyable life by inter in the future after reading the essay.
1·英语作文：One, write a blog to play the game, that is to move the brain not to get alzheimer's disease. Our unit and my age group have a few old people know to watch TV, also know to exercise body, but not love to use brain, slowly cerebellum atrophy dementia, go out to find home. I share experience with izens, and the mon experience is that the puter will never develop dementia in the elderly. Our mon experience is that the elderly are surfing the Inter and their brains are faster and more flexible.Second, embodies the old school, the old and the happy. You can't get on the puter without knowing it. You want to learn from the astronomy, down to the geography, international, domestic, listen to the various operas, cross talk, love to look at the *** all goods, you mouse just a point, you study, see! It's a good thing to be out of the house. Playing games is also fun for the elderly, playing poker online, playing chess, playing mahjong, playing checkers, keeping fish, growing flowers, growing vegetables, stealing vegetables and playing golf.Make friends. Have good friend, have the , also can QQ friend chat. Be bored to chat, do not want to chat. It's more fun to open a micro blog, so it's not just a fan, it's a fan, it's easy to read, and you can write private letters. QQ is more interesting have mailbox, have space. Friends can go all over the world, video chat face to face without spending money, your children are in the sky just outside of the country, the mouse just meet you say how good ah!2·翻译：1）、写写博文玩玩游戏，即动手又动脑不得老年痴呆症。
我们单位和我同年龄段的有几个老人就知道看电视，也知道锻炼身体，但不爱用脑，慢慢的小脑萎缩痴呆了，出门都找不着家了。
我和网友们交流经验，共同的体会就是老年人上电脑绝不会得痴呆症，我们共同的经验是老年人上网，脑子反应更快更灵活。
2）、体现了老有所学，老有所乐。
上电脑，你是不上不知道，上了就离不了。
你想学的上至天文，下至地理，国际，国内的、爱听的各种戏曲、相声、爱看的小品、您鼠标就那么一点，您就学习了，看见啦！哪可真是秀才不出门全知天下事。
老年人玩游戏也是乐趣，网上打扑克、下棋、打麻将、下跳棋、养鱼、养花、种菜、偷菜、打球一应俱全。
3）、广交朋友。
有好友、有挚交、还可以QQ交友聊天。
闷得慌了就聊聊，不想聊了就拜拜。
开个微博更有意思，那就不叫朋友了就是粉丝了，发微博简单明了，还可以写私信。
QQ就更有意思了有信箱、有空间。
朋友可以遍天下，视频聊天面对面又不花钱，你的儿女远在天边就是在国外，鼠标一点就见面了你说多好呀！
pareing who study in inter with who study in classroom,which one,do you think ,is more convenient and more truth。
what is more ,if you study in the inter,you have to municate with another,and you need more resource。
studying in classroom ,however,you need just book and exercise book ,therefore,studying in classroom is more convenient and more truth。
纯个人手工。
第一句对比了网上学习与教室学习第二句式基于上面的假设进行的反问第三句是两者具体的对比第四局势总结希望对你有好帮助
The Advantages of Online Learning In recent years, online learning has been popular with the public graally pared with traditional classroom learning, online learning has show its giant advantages. In general, there are three aspects of advantages about online learning. In the first place, online learning change passivity of study into the initiative. In the classroom, teachers stands on the platform facing lots of students, students just accept knowledge passively, even though they have questions after class, teachers can not work it out for them quickly. Online learning is different, it can supply a terrace for students to choose courses and teachers they like, at the same time, the questions they ask will also be solved in 24 hours. it improves the efficiency and activity of study. Second, students can schele their study time properly depending on online learning. Online course make them never be busy with study whenever they like. Third, online learning can make information munication easily. When searching information in class, you can just make it on inter rather than go to other places like library.
The puter plays the vital role in ours life, the puter may help us to handle very many matters: The data putation, the study entertainment, the office automation, the control proction, draws money automatically, long-distance correspondence ...... The puter news fast development promoted its popularization. Now besides the personal puting which finds at everywhere, each kind of portable portable puter also arises at the historic moment. The puter is playing the very major role in ours life. Cannot have in us when question, we may access the the consult material, some quite big data may use the puter to calculate ......We may learn very many knowledge in the puter The puter also has many is bad, if to the elementary student, I wants to say plays the puter the question. Now the family economical level enhanced, the elementary student vision dropped actually, this is plays the puter the fault. The advantage very are also many, for example chats, said the topic and so on some beneficial games can cause elementary student's after school life to be more interesting. But cannot sink confuses in the puter games. Some real matter meant, a child,For puter games in hypothesized ty battle, own jumped from an upper story. Therefore, plays the puter not to be able to fall, after on the one hand which falls to does not have the advantage. The high tech proct increases day by day,Computer these high tech proct,Has brought many conveniently to the people,Might also bring the misfortune to the people.Today I want to schoolmates said,That is regarding yours vision.Many children just were giving birth to,Eye all well,May perhaps be because watches the television,Plays the puter,Each one has all taken to bring with the eyeglasses.On our class,Some 70% schoolmate are almost the nearsightedness,My eye also very is originally good,May march into the higher grades,Also starts to drop.This police has shown us,Plays the puter,May,Watches the television,No reason why not.However,If you want to have a pair of beautiful health eye,Anything must have a limit.If your eye for a long time in television and under puter acpanying,I believed,That cannot have the good result. 电脑在我们的生活中起着重要的作用，电脑可以帮我们做很多事情：数据计算，学习娱乐，办公自动化，控制生产，自动取款，远程通信…… 电脑的讯速发展促进了它的普及。
现在除了随处可见的个人电脑外，各种便携式的手提电脑也应运而生。
电脑在我们的生活中起着很大的作用。
在我们有不懂的问题时，我们可以上网查阅资料，一些比较大的数据可以用电脑计算……在电脑中我们可以学到很多知识。
电脑也有许多坏出，如果对小学生呢，我想说玩电脑的问题。
现在家庭的经济水平提高了，小学生们的视力却下降了，这就是玩电脑的坏处。
好处也很多，例如聊聊天、说说题等一些有益的游戏能使小学生的课余生活更加有趣。
但不能沉迷于电脑游戏。
有一个真实的事就是说，一个小孩，为了电脑游戏中虚拟任务的争斗，自己跳楼了。
所以，玩电脑不能陷进去，陷进去后对哪一方面都没有好处。
高科技产品日益增多，电脑这些高科技产品，给人们带来了许多方便，可也给人们带来了不幸.今天我就想对同学们说说其中的一点，那就是对于你的视力.许多小孩在刚生下的时候，眼睛都好好的，可也许是因为看电视，玩电脑，个个都带上了眼镜.就我们班，差不多有70%的同学是近视，我的眼睛原来也很好，可步入高年级，也开始下降.这警示了我们，玩电脑，可以，看电视，未尝不可.然而，如果你想有一双美丽健康的眼睛，什么都要有个限制.如果你的眼睛长期在电视和电脑的陪伴下，我相信，那不会有好结果. 希望对你有帮助 如有疑问请在线交谈 望采纳 谢谢
There is a wide spread concern over the issue that should we learn English on Inter .The opinion concerning this hot topic is varies from person to person ,However the majority of people hold the view that we should learn English on Inter ,There are o factors contributing their attitudes as follows:First It's a easier way to learn it better,Second,On the Inter we can see a lot of knowledge about English ,It also can widen my horizon and broden my mind ,But different people have different views ,some people believed that we should not learn English on Inter ,On one hand ,It not very formal ,On the other hand wo will attract by other things .So it goes without saying that we should not learn English on Inter.As far as I am concerned ,we should learn English on Inter ,Not only wo should keep the speed of our world ,but also we must learn the new knowledge ,The more you learn the better you future are ,Do as well as you can today ,tomorrow you will be better!
九年级的80词左右
The Effects of the InterWith the development of the society , the puter has been caming to more and more families.Of course , surfing the Inter is a double-edged sword.On the one hand ,the Inter widen our eyes and relax us .we can learn the latest news , search the information as soon as possible on the Interner . Also , we can municate with others ,such as chatting face to face . On the other hand , surfing on the Inter for a long time and some bad information may do harm to our health . In a word , we should realize the advantagements and disadvantagemets of the Inter , and make good us of it to help us make progress and live better !九年级的水平，不知这样可不可以。
如果可以的话，请选为满意答案哦~
The advantages and disadvantages of the InterNowadays, people use the Inter to listen to the music, watch movies or go shopping. It's very convenient and important in our lives. But the Inter has the advantages and disadvantages,we should be attention to them. We can study on the Inter. There are many books and helpfulvideo on it. Chet on it with friends also convenient. But it is dangerous in some ways, too.Some people will cheat you by the Inter, so be careful. And don't use the Inter too long time, because it's bad for your eyes. Please use the inter reasonable.上网的好处和坏处如今，人们上网听音乐，看电影或购物，它在我们的生活中非常便捷而且重要。
但是上网有好处和坏处，我们必须关注他们。
我们可以在网上学习，那上面有很多书籍和有用的视频。
在上面和朋友聊天也是便捷的。
但是它在某些方面也是危险的。
有些人会利用网络欺骗你，所以请小心。
还有不要用网络太长时间，因为它对你的眼睛不好。
请合理运用网络。
纯原创，纯手打。
初二的，也许有语法错误，望给好评！...
供参考Nowadays the inter has given people much convenience in their life, work and study. And much trouble as well. Positively, the inter gives us students tons of knowledge and information. Besides, we can buy whatever we want online without going out.On the other hand, inter, as a kind of entertainment, has drwan us students' attention away from our schoolwork. Many students spend too much time surfing online or playing games.当今网络给人们的生活、工作、学习等方面带来了很多便利，同时也带来了很多麻烦.好的方面，网络提供我们学生许多知识和信息. 此外，我们足不出户就可以在线购物.另一方面，作为一种娱乐，网络让我们不能专心学习.很多学生花大量时间上网玩游戏检举补充回答： 上文浅易 如果是高中生 下文为好It has been a wide and heated discuss on the topic 'Going Online'. Of course, different people holds different opinions. Some think that it is purely a waste of time to hang out on the Inter. Others may think that it is good to surfing the Inter to search information, chat with others. In my view, neither of them is right and we should appraise it from o different aspects. From the first aspect, we see that it is very good to go online. The Inter is one of the most beneficial inventions from the second it was invented. It links the whole world together and through it we share our happiness and sorrow with the world. It makes it easier for us to get the information we want. At some rate, the Inter is much more like a vast library. But that is not all of the Inter, we can do more things on the Inter. For example, shopping, chatting, working, playing and enjoying. In one word, it has been part of the modern life to go online. Form the second one, we can see a devil on the Inter. There is too much bad things on the Inter just as many as the good ones. Every year, there are hundreds of thousands of teenagers who bee addicted to playing online games, chatting online and so on. All in all, going online is not a good thing, nor a bad one. It is depend on the result, that is what you have got from the Inter.
转载请注明出处作文大全网 » 互联网的利与弊英语作文带翻译
⑶ 关于互联网的英语论文，带有中文翻译。3000字左右。急啊。
华文版本
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91
The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW).
History
Creation
The USSR's launch of Sputnik spurred the United States to create the Advanced Research Projects Agency, known as ARPA, in February 1958 to regain a technological lead.[1][2] ARPA created the Information Processing Technology Office (IPTO) to further the research of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) program, which had networked country-wide radar systems together for the first time. J. C. R. Licklider was selected to head the IPTO, and saw universal networking as a potential unifying human revolution.
Licklider moved from the Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory at Harvard University to MIT in 1950, after becoming interested in information technology. At MIT, he served on a committee that established Lincoln Laboratory and worked on the SAGE project. In 1957 he became a Vice President at BBN, where he bought the first proction PDP-1 computer and concted the first public demonstration of time-sharing.
At the IPTO, Licklider recruited Lawrence Roberts to head a project to implement a network, and Roberts based the technology on the work of Paul Baran,[citation needed] who had written an exhaustive study for the U.S. Air Force that recommended packet switching (as opposed to circuit switching) to make a network highly robust and survivable. After much work, the first two nodes of what would become the ARPANET were interconnected between UCLA and SRI International in Menlo Park, California, on October 29, 1969. The ARPANET was one of the "eve" networks of today's Internet. Following on from the demonstration that packet switching worked on the ARPANET, the British Post Office, Telenet, DATAPAC and TRANSPAC collaborated to create the first international packet-switched network service. In the UK, this was referred to as the International Packet Stream Service (IPSS), in 1978. The collection of X.25-based networks grew from Europe and the US to cover Canada, Hong Kong and Australia by 1981. The X.25 packet switching standard was developed in the CCITT (now called ITU-T) around 1976. X.25 was independent of the TCP/IP protocols that arose from the experimental work of DARPA on the ARPANET, Packet Radio Net and Packet Satellite Net ring the same time period. Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed the first description of the TCP protocols ring 1973 and published a paper on the subject in May 1974. Use of the term "Internet" to describe a single global TCP/IP network originated in December 1974 with the publication of RFC 675, the first full specification of TCP that was written by Vinton Cerf, Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine, then at Stanford University. During the next nine years, work proceeded to refine the protocols and to implement them on a wide range of operating systems.
The first TCP/IP-wide area network was made operational by January 1, 1983 when all hosts on the ARPANET were switched over from the older NCP protocols to TCP/IP. In 1985, the United States' National Science Foundation (NSF) commissioned the construction of a university 56 kilobit/second network backbone using computers called "fuzzballs" by their inventor, David L. Mills. The following year, NSF sponsored the development of a higher-speed 1.5 megabit/second backbone that became the NSFNet. A key decision to use the DARPA TCP/IP protocols was made by Dennis Jennings, then in charge of the Supercomputer program at NSF.
The opening of the network to commercial interests began in 1988. The US Federal Networking Council approved the interconnection of the NSFNET to the commercial MCI Mail system in that year and the link was made in the summer of 1989. Other commercial electronic e-mail services were soon connected, including OnTyme, Telemail and Compuserve. In that same year, three commercial Internet Service Providers were created: UUNET, PSINET and CERFNET. Important, separate networks that offered gateways into, then later merged with, the Internet include Usenet and BITNET. Various other commercial and ecational networks, such as Telenet, Tymnet, Compuserve and JANET were interconnected with the growing Internet. Telenet (later called Sprintnet) was a large privately funded national computer network with free dial-up access in cities throughout the U.S. that had been in operation since the 1970s. This network was eventually interconnected with the others in the 1980s as the TCP/IP protocol became increasingly popular. The ability of TCP/IP to work over virtually any pre-existing communication networks allowed for a great ease of growth, although the rapid growth of the Internet was e primarily to the availability of commercial routers from companies such as Cisco Systems, Proteon and Juniper, the availability of commercial Ethernet equipment for local-area networking and the widespread implementation of TCP/IP on the UNIX operating system.
Common uses of the Internet
E-mail
For more details on this topic, see E-mail.
The concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of the Internet. Even today it can be important to distinguish between Internet and internal e-mail systems. Internet e-mail may travel and be stored unencrypted on many other networks and machines out of both the sender's and the recipient's control. During this time it is quite possible for the content to be read and even tampered with by third parties, if anyone considers it important enough. Purely internal or intranet mail systems, where the information never leaves the corporate or organization's network, are much more secure, although in any organization there will be IT and other personnel whose job may involve monitoring, and occasionally accessing, the e-mail of other employees not addressed to them.
The World Wide Web
Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web (or just the Web) interchangeably, but, as discussed above, the two terms are not synonymous.
The World Wide Web is a huge set of interlinked documents, images and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. These hyperlinks and URLs allow the web servers and other machines that store originals, and cached copies, of these resources to deliver them as required using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). HTTP is only one of the communication protocols used on the Internet.
Web services also use HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and data.
Software procts that can access the resources of the Web are correctly termed user agents. In normal use, web browsers, such as Internet Explorer and Firefox, access web pages and allow users to navigate from one to another via hyperlinks. Web documents may contain almost any combination of computer data including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content including games, office applications and scientific demonstrations.
Through keyword-driven Internet research using search engines like Yahoo! and Google, millions of people worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide Web has enabled a sudden and extreme decentralization of information and data.
Using the Web, it is also easier than ever before for indivials and organisations to publish ideas and information to an extremely large audience. Anyone can find ways to publish a web page or build a website for very little initial cost. Publishing and maintaining large, professional websites full of attractive, diverse and up-to-date information is still a difficult and expensive proposition, however.
Many indivials and some companies and groups use "web logs" or blogs, which are largely used as easily updatable online diaries. Some commercial organisations encourage staff to fill them with advice on their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert knowledge and free information, and be attracted to the corporation as a result. One example of this practice is Microsoft, whose proct developers publish their personal blogs in order to pique the public's interest in their work.
Collections of personal web pages published by large service providers remain popular, and have become increasingly sophisticated. Whereas operations such as Angelfire and GeoCities have existed since the early days of the Web, newer offerings from, for example, Facebook and MySpace currently have large followings. These operations often brand themselves as social network services rather than simply as web page hosts.
Advertising on popular web pages can be lucrative, and e-commerce or the sale of procts and services directly via the Web continues to grow.
In the early days, web pages were usually created as sets of complete and isolated HTML text files stored on a web server. More recently, websites are more often created using content management system (CMS) or wiki software with, initially, very little content. Contributors to these systems, who may be paid staff, members of a club or other organisation or members of the public, fill underlying databases with content using editing pages designed for that purpose, while casual visitors view and read this content in its final HTML form. There may or may not be editorial, approval and security systems built into the process of taking newly entered content and making it available to the target visitors.
Social impact
The Internet has made possible entirely new forms of social interaction, activities and organizing, thanks to its basic features such as widespread usability and access.
Social networking websites such as Facebook and MySpace have created a new form of socialization and interaction. Users of these sites are able to add a wide variety of items to their personal pages, to indicate common interests, and to connect with others. It is also possible to find a large circle of existing acquaintances, especially if a site allows users to utilize their real names, and to allow communication among large existing groups of people.
Sites like meetup.com exist to allow wider announcement of groups which may exist mainly for face-to-face meetings, but which may have a variety of minor interactions over their group's site at meetup.org, or other similar sites.
Political organization and censorship
For more details on this topic, see Internet censorship.
In democratic societies, the Internet has achieved new relevance as a political tool. The presidential campaign of Howard Dean in 2004 in the United States became famous for its ability to generate donations via the Internet. Many political groups use the Internet to achieve a whole new method of organizing, in order to carry out Internet activism.
Some governments, such as those of Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Myanmar, the People's Republic of China, and Saudi Arabia, restrict what people in their countries can access on the Internet, especially political and religious content. This is accomplished through software that filters domains and content so that they may not be easily accessed or obtained without elaborate circumvention.
In Norway, Denmark, Finland and Sweden, major Internet service providers have voluntarily (possibly to avoid such an arrangement being turned into law) agreed to restrict access to sites listed by police. While this list of forbidden URLs is only supposed to contain addresses of known child pornography sites, the content of the list is secret.[citation needed]
Many countries, including the United States, have enacted laws making the possession or distribution of certain material, such as child pornography, illegal, but do not use filtering software.
There are many free and commercially available software programs with which a user can choose to block offensive websites on indivial computers or networks, such as to limit a child's access to pornography or violence. See Content-control software.
Leisure activities
The Internet has been a major source of leisure since before the World Wide Web, with entertaining social experiments such as MUDs and MOOs being concted on university servers, and humor-related Usenet groups receiving much of the main traffic. Today, many Internet forums have sections devoted to games and funny videos; short cartoons in the form of Flash movies are also popular. Over 6 million people use blogs or message boards as a means of communication and for the sharing of ideas.
The pornography and gambling instries have both taken full advantage of the World Wide Web, and often provide a significant source of advertising revenue for other websites. Although many governments have attempted to put restrictions on both instries' use of the Internet, this has generally failed to stop their widespread popularity.
One main area of leisure on the Internet is multiplayer gaming. This form of leisure creates communities, bringing people of all ages and origins to enjoy the fast-paced world of multiplayer games. These range from MMORPG to first-person shooters, from role-playing games to online gambling. This has revolutionized the way many people interact and spend their free time on the Internet.
While online gaming has been around since the 1970s, modern modes of online gaming began with services such as GameSpy and MPlayer, to which players of games would typically subscribe. Non-subscribers were limited to certain types of gameplay or certain games.
Many use the Internet to access and download music, movies and other works for their enjoyment and relaxation. As discussed above, there are paid and unpaid sources for all of these, using centralized servers and distributed peer-to-peer technologies. Discretion is needed as some of these sources take more care over the original artists' rights and over right laws than others.
Many use the World Wide Web to access news, weather and sports reports, to plan and book holidays and to find out more about their random ideas and casual interests.
People use chat, messaging and e-mail to make and stay in touch with friends worldwide, sometimes in the same way as some previously had pen pals. Social networking websites like MySpace, Facebook and many others like them also put and keep people in contact for their enjoyment.
The Internet has seen a growing number of Web desktops, where users can access their files, folders, and settings via the Internet.
Cyberslacking has become a serious drain on corporate resources; the average UK employee spends 57 minutes a day surfing the Web at work, according to a study by Peninsula Business Services.[9]
Complex architecture
Many computer scientists see the Internet as a "prime example of a large-scale, highly engineered, yet highly complex system".[10] The Internet is extremely heterogeneous. (For instance, data transfer rates and physical characteristics of connections vary widely.) The Internet exhibits "emergent phenomena" that depend on its large-scale organization. For example, data transfer rates exhibit temporal self-similarity. Further adding to the complexity of the Internet is the ability of more than one computer to use the Internet through only one node, thus creating the possibility for a very deep and hierarchal sub-network that can theoretically be extended infinitely (disregarding the programmatic limitations of the IPv4 protocol). However, since principles of this architecture date back to the 1960s, it might not be a solution best suited to modern needs, and thus the possibility of developing alternative structures is currently being looked into.[11]
According to a June 2007 article in Discover magazine, the combined weight of all the electrons moved within the Internet in a day is 0.2 millionths of an ounce.[12] Others have estimated this at nearer 2 ounces (50 grams).[13]
Marketing
The Internet has also become a large market for companies; some of the biggest companies today have grown by taking advantage of the efficient nature of low-cost advertising and commerce through the Internet, also known as e-commerce. It is the fastest way to spread information to a vast number of people simultaneously. The Internet has also subsequently revolutionized shopping—for example; a person can order a CD online and receive it in the mail within a couple of days, or download it directly in some cases. The Internet has also greatly facilitated personalized marketing which allows a company to market a proct to a specific person or a specific group of people more so than any other advertising medium.
Examples of personalized marketing include online communities such as MySpace, Friendster, Orkut, Facebook and others which thousands of Internet users join to advertise themselves and make friends online. Many of these users are young teens and adolescents ranging from 13 to 25 years old. In turn, when they advertise themselves they advertise interests and hobbies, which online marketing companies can use as information as to what those users will purchase online, and advertise their own companies' procts to those users.
⑷ 高分跪求计算机英语论文
【英文篇名】 Switch Router Operating System Based on a General Operating System
【下载频次】 ☆
【作者】 潘登; 徐佩霞;
【英文作者】 PAN Deng; XU Pei xia （Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei; 230027; China）;
【作者单位】 中国科学技术大学电子工程与信息科学系; 230027;
【文献出处】 数据采集与处理 , Journal of Data Acquisition & Processing, 编辑部邮箱 2003年 04期
期刊荣誉：中文核心期刊要目总览 ASPT来源刊 CJFD收录刊
【中文关键词】 交换式路由器; 通用操作系统; 路由器操作系统;
【英文关键词】 switch router; general operating system; router operating system;
【摘要】 提出了一种将通用操作系统及其上层路由软件移植到交换式路由器平台上的方案。此方案可以向上屏蔽交换式路由器与传统的路由器体系结构上的区别 ,从而把通用操作系统及其上层路由软件移植到交换式路由器的平台上 ;同时兼顾数据通信和管理维护方面的需求 ,为上层路由软件提供了与传统路由器相同的接口 ,从而使基于通用操作系统的路由软件可以在不损失可升级性的条件下快速移植到交换式路由器上。实际应用证实了该方案具有良好的灵活性和兼容性
【英文摘要】 A new solution to port general operating systems and their routing software to switch router is presented. The solution shields the architecture difference between traditional router and switch router to application level software, thus it may support general operating system and their routing software on switch router platform. The solution is also considered as requirements of both data communication and control functions. And same ways of the access and control of the router are provied as traditional ro...
【基金】 国家 8 63计划 ( 863 -3 1 7-0 1 -99)资助项目
【DOI】 CNKI:SUN:SJCJ.0.2003-04-017
【分类号】 TN915.05
【正文快照】 引 言路由器最重要的工作是根据 IP包头和路由、过滤规则转发 IP包。其他功能还包括路由表的维护与路由器系统的维护。实际上路由器可以看成是一种针对 IP网络路由需求而设计的专用计算机。随着因特网所承载的业务的演进 ,因特网对于路由器性能的要求也日渐提高。在交换式路
看看这一篇
文章编号: 100429037 (2003) 0420450205
一种基于通用操作系统的交换式路由器操作系统实现
潘 登, 徐佩霞
(中国科学技术大学电子工程与信息科学系, 合肥, 230027)
摘要: 提出了一种将通用操作系统及其上层路由软件移植到交换式路由器平台上的方案。此方案可以向上屏蔽
交换式路由器与传统的路由器体系结构上的区别, 从而把通用操作系统及其上层路由软件移植到交换式路由器
的平台上; 同时兼顾数据通信和管理维护方面的需求, 为上层路由软件提供了与传统路由器相同的接口, 从而使
基于通用操作系统的路由软件可以在不损失可升级性的条件下快速移植到交换式路由器上。实际应用证实了该
方案具有良好的灵活性和兼容性。
关键词: 交换式路由器; 通用操作系统; 路由器操作系统
中图分类号: TN 915105; TP393 文献标识码:A
基金项目: 国家863 计划(8632317201299) 资助项目
收稿日期: 2003203229; 修订日期: 2003206215
Switch Router Operating System Based on
a General Operating System
PA N D eng , X U P ei2x ia
(Department of Elect ronic Engineering and Info rmat ion Science,
U niversity of Science and Techno logy of Ch ina, Hefei, 230027,Ch ina)
Abstract: A new so lu t ion to po rt general operat ing system s and their rou t ing sof tw are to
sw itch rou ter is p resen ted. The so lu t ion sh ields the arch itectu re difference betw een t radit ional
rou ter and sw itch rou ter to app licat ion level sof tw are, thu s it may suppo rt general operat ing
system and their rou t ing sof tw are on sw itch rou ter p latfo rm. The so lu t ion is also con sidered as
requ iremen t s of bo th data commun icat ion and con t ro l funct ion s. A nd same w ays of the access
and con t ro l of the rou ter are p rovied as t radit ional rou ter, so rou t ing sof tw are of the general
operat ing system may be po rted to sw itch rou ter p latfo rm rap idly w ith the upgradeab le
f lex ib ility. P ract ical design app roves that the so lu t ion has a good compat ib ility and f lex ib ility.
Key words: sw itch rou ter; general operat ing system; rou ter operat ing system
引 言
路由器最重要的工作是根据IP 包头和路由、
过滤规则转发IP 包。其他功能还包括路由表的维
护与路由器系统的维护。实际上路由器可以看成是
一种针对IP 网络路由需求而设计的专用计算机。
随着因特网所承载的业务的演进, 因特网对于路由
器性能的要求也日渐提高。在交换式路由器中, 包
转发等绝大多数处理已经转移到以端口为中心的
硬件中完成, 只有路由规则的生成与维护、网络管
理和系统维护等比较复杂的工作仍由软件部分完
成。
实用中路由器所采用的操作系统可分为三大
类: (1) 以Cisco 的IO S 为代表的专用操作系统, 常
见于网络骨干节点; (2) 以V xWo rk s 为代表的嵌
入式系统, 常见于小型办公ö家用接入设备上; (3)
采用通用操作系统的则在骨干节点和用户接入设
备上都有这类设备。例如Jun iper 的路由产品就采
用L inux 作为操作系统。通用操作系统上的各种路
由、网管软件的开发已经有相当长时间, 其功能、性
能、稳定性和升级灵活性都很优秀, 但这些软件仍
第18卷第4期
2003 年12 月
数据采集与处理
Journal of Data A cquisit ion & P rocessing
Vo l. 18 No. 4
Dec. 2003
然是针对传统路由器体系结构开发的, 无法直接应
用于新的路由器体系结构。本文提出在通用操作系
统的驱动栈中插入一个中间层, 这样对系统内核及
和运行在其上的路由、网管等上层软件屏蔽了下层
硬件的特殊性, 从而把上层软件和高速硬件平台结
合起来。该方案已经应用于高速边缘路由器中, 并
表现出了良好的实用性和可扩展性。
1 交换式路由器与传统路由器在体
系结构上的差别
路由器工作在网络的第三层, 其处理工作主要
涵盖七层模型中的下三层, 包括: 物理接口处理、数
据链路层处理、网络层的路由查找、转发以及队列
管理等[1 ]。在传统的路由器体系结构中, 硬件部分
只实现物理层的处理, 其余工作需要消耗系统计算
资源完成: 包括CPU 周期、内存容量和总线带宽
等, 因此性能也受限于这些资源。而在交换式路由
器中, 路由处理机仅处理系统维护、路由表维护等
少量工作, 数据流的处理都由相对独立的硬件完
成, 不再受限于系统计算资源, 因此其性能远优于
传统路由器[2 ]。如图1 所示。
(a) 传统路由器体系结构
(b) 交换式路由器体系结构
图1 路由器的逻辑结构
传统路由器和交换式路由器在体系结构方面
有明显的区别: 在传统路由器中, 所有的物理接口
直接挂接在总线上, 内核可以通过总线直接访问这
些接口; 而在交换式路由器中, 只有控制卡是直接
挂接在总线上的, 内核必须通过控制卡间接访问各
个接口。这导致操作系统内核中代表网络接口的驱
动对象的区别: 在传统路由器中, 内核存在若干网
络设备驱动对象实例, 每个实例通过总线直接维护
一个端口, 为内核及其上面的上层软件提供基本操
作支持。而在交换式路由器中, 普通的网络设备驱
动对象无法直接维护端口, 也无法支持系统内核和
上层软件操作。因此, 交换式路由器体系结构的特
殊性使得通用操作系统和上层软件无法直接应用。
针对这个问题有两种解决办法: (1) 大量修改内核
和各种相关软件的源代码以适应新的体系结构。这
种做法存在开发工作量大、周期长、局限性强的缺
点, 丧失了使用通用操作系统的灵活性; (2) 在驱动
栈中增加一个中间层, 支持普通网络驱动对象所能
支持的一切操作, 这样系统内核和上层软件基本上
不必修改就可以运行在交换式路由器上。这就是本
文所提出的中间层方案。这种方案克服了第一种方
法的复杂性, 在保持灵活性的基础上, 可以快速地
把通用操作系统及上层软件移植到交换式路由器
的硬件平台上。
2 中间层设计
中间层功能包括数据通信和控制两个方面。从
数据通信方面考虑, 每个端口的功能都等效于传统
路由器中的一个网络接口, 所以每个物理端口在内
核中都应有对应的网络驱动实例。这样才能支持各
种上层软件运行, 满足数据通信功能的需要。
从控制功能方面考虑, 对上要把每一种可能的
逻辑操作映射成硬件操作; 对下要能够和多个设备
通信。上层应用包括系统维护、路由软件、网管软
件; 下层设备包括处理引擎和端口。控制功能的具
体实现和硬件平台有关。考虑到多种应用可能同时
操作一个硬件设备, 一种应用也可能同时操作多个
设备, 在实现时必须考虑到对于多并发操作的支
持。
基于上述考虑, 中间层由控制卡驱动模块和若
干网络驱动实例组成。在图2 (a, b) 中分别给出了
传统路由器的结构与驱动方式以及本文所提出的
中间层所处的位置与驱动方式。
第4 期潘 登, 等: 一种基于通用操作系统的交换式路由器操作系统实现451
图2 中间层的位置与驱动方式
控制卡驱动模块作为中间层的核心, 维护控制
卡上所有的端口、内存映射、中断和循环缓冲队列
资源。它实现了数据通道和控制通道。对下直接驱
动控制卡、与各个端口、处理引擎通信; 对上, 一方
面通过内核调用陷阱方式提供控制通道接口; 另一
方面向虚拟网络驱动实例提供数据通道接口。虚拟
网络驱动实例在操作系统内核为各个物理端口实
现网络驱动实例。它们工作在控制卡驱动模块的基
础上, 并不直接控制硬件, 故称为虚拟网络驱动实
例。虚拟网络驱动实例封装控制卡驱动模块提供的
数据传输功能, 并为内核和上层软件提供与普通网
络驱动实例相同的调用接口。下面分别给出数据通
道和控制通道的实现方案。
211 数据通道的功能与实现
虚拟网络驱动实例和物理端口是一一对应的。
内核数据收发的功能包括3 个方面:
(1) 发往某虚拟网络驱动实例的数据包应该由
其对应端口输出;
(2) 这个端口所收到的包也通过该虚拟网络驱
动实例向系统内核提交;
(3) 中间层也可以对虚拟网络驱动实例进行流
控操作, 以避免因拥塞导致数据丢失。
注意到图2 (b) 中的交换结构以定长信元交换
数据, 其格式如图3 所示, 其中信元头占4 字节, 包
括处理引擎号和端口号域。对于收ö发信元, 处理引
擎号和端口号分别为该信元的源端口的和目的端
口的对应值。
根据图2 (b) 所示的系统结构可知: 由处理引
擎号和端口号可以确定端口的物理位置。控制卡驱
动模块在其内部的驱动信息数组中维护虚拟网络
驱动实例和端口之间的对应关系。
图3 数据信元结构
发送数据时, 虚拟网络驱动实例从内核网络部
分获取待发送的数据, 偕同指向该实例自己的指针
一起提交给控制卡驱动模块。一方面, 控制卡驱动
模块通过这个指针可以对虚拟网络驱动实例进行
流控设置; 另一方面, 控制卡驱动模块根据虚拟网
络驱动实例指针查驱动信息表得到目标端口物理
位置信息, 包括处理引擎号和端口号。端口物理位
置信息将被填充到所有用来承载待发送数据包的
信元头中。控制卡驱动模块通过控制卡把信元送到
交换结构, 而交换结构和处理引擎分别根据处理引
擎号和端口号将信元转发到到目标端口。最后端口
从接收到的信元中恢复出原始数据发出。
接收数据时, 端口也会将数据拆分到若干信元
中逐级上传。考虑到交换结构的循环优先机制, 一
个数据包上传的过程可能被来自其他端口的数据
抢断。所以控制卡驱动模块对于接收到的信元按源
端口位置信息(包括处理引擎号和端口号) 保存到
不同的缓冲区中。当接收到该数据包相关的全部信
元, 控制驱动模块即可重组该数据, 并根据源端口
位置信息查驱动信息表以得到指向该端口对应虚
拟网络驱动实例的指针, 进而激活该虚拟网络驱动
实例接收数据。虚拟网络驱动实例从控制卡驱动模
块中获取数据后, 按照网络驱动的常规方式调用
net if- rx 接口向内核提交数据。数据收发实现结构
如图4 所示。
值得注意的是, 在交换式路由器中, 处理引擎
通过交换结构交换的是IP 包; 而通用操作系统中
452 数据采集与处理第18 卷
图4 数据收发实现结构
网络驱动通常处理链路层的帧。即控制卡驱动模块
数据通道对上对下的数据格式是不同的。因此, 在
发送数据时控制卡驱动模块需要从得到的链路帧
中提取IP 包再转发到端口; 而接收数据时则对来
自端口的IP 包进行链路帧封装再向上提交。以以
太网为例, 需要恢复的包括源和目标站的物理地
址、载荷类型和帧校验[3 ]。对于承载IP 包的以太
帧, 显然其目标站物理地址和载荷类型[4 ]都是已知
的。实现时采用的操作系统是L inux, 通过在虚拟
网络驱动源代码中进行设置可以使内核不进行帧
校验[5 ]。所以只有源站物理地址未知。如果要求硬
件给出真实的源站物理地址, 则增加了硬件的复杂
度; 而若在控制卡驱动模块中伪造源物理地址, 则
可能导致内核的ARP 管理混乱。为简化硬件设
计, 实现时采用了在控制卡驱动模块中伪造源物理
地址的办法, 同时修改虚拟网络驱动源代码, 重载
帧头处理函数[6 ]。这样内核ARP 表就不受伪造地
址的影响, 其获取和刷新通过查询端口ARP 记录
实现。
212 控制通道的功能与实现
控制功能的通信也是基于信元的, 其操作包括
维护管理和表同步两类。维护管理主要是进行各种
查询, 通常通过若干次双向通信完成。每次通信有
效载荷都只有几个字节, 由一个信元即可承载。而
表同步则是将上层软件维护的表复制到相关硬件
中, 包括ARP 表、路由和分类表等。表同步操作涉
及大量数据传输, 需要由多个信元承载。控制功能
都是针对设备进行的, 所以在控制ö反馈信元中也
必须包括目标设备的物理位置信息。
在实际运行期间, 所有的上层应用和设备之间
的控制通信复用控制通道, 其特点为:
(1) 不同的应用可能同时访问同一设备;
(2) 一个应用也可能同时访问多个设备;
(3) 同一应用对于同一个设备的操作一般都是
顺序的。
为支持这种复用操作, 所有承载控制信息和反
馈信息的头部除包括目标硬件的物理位置和操作
指令外, 还包括命令类型、应用类型信息。控制ö反
馈用信元结构如图5 所示。
图5 控制ö反馈信元结构
图5 中: 处理引擎号和端口号, 确定设备的物
理位置; 收ö发信元分别为该信元的源端口的和目
的端口的对应值; 命令码在设备和应用之间定义。
每种可能的操作分配一个代码; 应用码在控制卡驱
动模块和上层应用之间预定义。每种可能的应用分
配一个代码。这些应用包含网管、路由维护、硬件维
护和ARP 信息获取等。
上层应用通过内核调用陷井( IOCTL ) 发起控
制通道操作, 同时给出目标设备物理位置、命令类
型代码和应用类型代码。控制卡驱动模块把这些信
息填充到控制信元中再将其发往设备。设备把这些
代码直接复制到反馈信元中, 再在后面追加上反馈
信息。控制卡驱动模块为每一种应用分配一个循环
缓冲区, 把收到的反馈根据应用类型排入相应队列
中。上层应用从其所对应的循环缓冲区中读取反馈
信元, 然后根据信元中的物理位置信息、命令码就
可以确定该反馈对应的原始命令, 从而对反馈数据
进行适当处理。这样就实现了各种控制功能对控制
通道的复用。如图6 所示。
第4 期潘 登, 等: 一种基于通用操作系统的交换式路由器操作系统实现453
图6 控制通信实现结构
3 结 论
鉴于传统路由器体系结构和交换式路由器体
系结构的区别, 通用操作系统及在其上开发的路由
软件无法直接应用于交换式路由器。本文提出的中
间层方案可以有效地解决这个问题。该方案全面考
虑了数据通信和管理维护方面的需求, 为上层提供
了与原有模型基本相同的接口, 并使得路由软件在
不损失其灵活性和可升级性的条件下直接应用于
交换式路由器中。虽然该方案只是在特定的平台和
特定的操作系统上得到了实现, 但是不难看出, 这
种思路对操作系统并没有特殊的依赖性, 完全可以
移植到其他通用操作系统上。本文提出的方案已经
在国家863 项目实用化综合接入系统的高速边缘
路由器的研制中取得了良好的实际效果。本文为国
产高性能路由器的软件开发提出了一种高效快捷
的解决方案, 该方案具有良好的应用前景。
参考文献:
[1 ] Kuro se J F, Ro ss KW. Computer netwo rk ing: a top2
dow n app roach featuring the internet [M ]. A ddison
W esley Longman′s P ress, 2001. 332～ 341.
[ 2 ] 梁阿磊, 等. 路由器体系结构及其发展[J ]. 小型微型
计算机系统, 2001, 8: 943～ 945.
[3 ] M edia access cont ro l frame st ructure [S ]. IEEE Std
80213, 1998. 36～ 40.
[ 4 ] Charles Ho rnig. RFC 894: a standard fo r the t rans2
m ission of IP datagram s over Ethernet netwo rk s[S ].
198411～ 2.
[5 ] Bovet D P. U nderstanding L inux kernel[M ]. O reil2
ley P ress, 2002. 683～ 685
[ 6 ] Rubini A. L inux device drivers. 2nd edit ion [M ].
O r2eilley P ress, 2001. 455～ 458
作者简介: 潘 登(19772) , 男, 博士研究生, 研究方向: 网络
体系结构、网络安全, E2mail: pandeng@mail. ustc. e. cn;
徐佩霞(19412) , 女, 教授, 博士生导师, 研究方向: 音频视频
编码、非线性处理、下一代网络。
454 数据采集与处理第18 卷
⑸ 互联网生活英语作文 英语作文《网络改变我们的生活》
With the widespread of Inter, people seem to depend on it greatly. Since we have Inter, our life changes a lot. Each day, we can get information of other countries or places of the updated information. We can share our experiences with others, enjoy a lot of good things and learn much knowledge from Inter.
随着网络的普及，人们已经对它产生了很大的依赖性。自从有了网络，我们的生活也变得与众不同。每天，我们都可以通过网络来获得一些其他国家或地方的信息。我们也可以与他人分享我们毁拦灶的经历，享受美好的东西以及从网络获取知识。
Firstly, we can obtain knowledge from Inter. There are numerous web sites contains different knowledge relating to skills or theories. If we want to learn certain things, the entire thing we have to do is to click mouse and then we will get the information we want. Beside, lots of people put lots of short video on Inter to teach others.
第一我们可以从网络中获得知识。有很多的网站都包含了很多的技能或者理论知识。如果我们想要纤扮学习一些东西的话，那么我们只需要点击一下鼠标就可以得到我们想要的信息了。另外，很多人都会在网络上上传视频来教别人学习。
Secondly, by Inter, we can contact anyone we want. Inter offers us a passage to contact with others by some applications. The only thing we need to do is to download some soft wares and install them so that we can contact with our families or friends. Besides, we can use many free resources by checking the Inter.
第二，我们尅通过网络联系任何我们想要联系的人。网络给我们提供了一个可以通过软件跟其他人交流的方式。我们只需要去下载一些相关的软件和信息， 然后安装上这些摄像头。另外，网络上许多的软件都是免费资源。
All in all, Inter gives us a platform to learn knowledge and contact others. We are benefit a lot from the Inter.
总之，网络给我们提供了一个可以学习知识和联系他衡御人的平台。我们因此获益良多。
With the development of the science and technology,the puter has been becoing the necessity for people in the 21st Century.Following,neork is of close link with our life,bringing us inparable convenience on our life and work.
Through the neork,we can search for useful datas and get to know the current events.When you play puter games after a long-time work,it can relieve your pressure and make you feel relaxed.Besides,playing online games is not all bad,for it can fulfil students' entertaining requests as well as practise their response ability.
However,there still exists some disadvantages in the neork.The radiation from the puter will do harm to people's health if you keep on watching the puter for a long time.And short sight may caused by it for your eyes stay tense.At present,there are too many games on the Inter,but some of them are not of good quality even contain some unhealthy content like violence and so on.Duo to the lack of recognizing society and self-protection awareness,some students get addicted in the games and online dating.
In fact,neork is not that horrible,as long as we know more about it,it will bee our right hand on our studies.Let's build a clean neork world together.
随着科技的发展,电脑在二十一世纪成了人们必要的用品.随之而来,网络与我们的生活息息相关,给现代人的生活、工作带来了无与伦比的方便.
通过网络,我们能查寻有用的资料,了解时事动态等等.当你工作了很长时间后去玩电脑游戏,可以减缓你的精神压力,放松你的心情.并且,上网玩游戏也不完全是坏事,因为学生玩游戏可以锻炼手、脑的反应能力,满足学生娱乐需要.
但是网络也有弊.长时间的看电脑,电脑发出的辐射对人体有很大的害处.眼睛长期处于紧张状态容易造成近视.现在的电脑游戏众多,某些电脑游戏粗制滥造,甚至含有暴力等不健康内容.有的孩子由于对社会认识不足和自我保护意识缺乏,沉迷网络游戏,网络交友.
其实网络并不可怕,只要我们面对网络时多一些认识,网络就会成为我们学习上的有利助手.让我们一起创个干净的网络世界吧 !
Some people believe that the Inter has a positive impact on students by providing a variety of resources for their studies. However, I strongly disagree with that claim since inter brings some negative effects on students such as inter addicts and the reliance too much on inter with homework.
First, many students are being addicted to the Inter. They spend more and more time on playing puter games or just surfing the without any particular reasons. Accordingly, the time they spend on studying is automatically rece, which in turns causes the lower academic achievement. Moreover, some of them go to the extreme, being serious inter addicts, and they even refuse to go to school as they cannot escape from the trap of inter.
Second, inter hinders students from doing their homework or assigned task by their own. Thanks to inter, students can obtain the information they need with a great ease by simply clicking the button. However, this great accessibility to any kind of information can be abused. For instance, when students are given an assignment, what many of them do is just go on the websites or the blogs where the seemingly needed information is posted, and drag, and paste it without looking the material thoroughly later. Some students even just download the material which someone else has already done and submit it as if it were their work.
It is clear that inter has serious detrimental effects on students. For one thing, students are so vulnerable to being addicted to inter. Additionally, they do their homework not with their own efforts but with the entire dependence on inter resources. Thus, young students should use inter with great cautions to prevent any harmful effects.
原创吗
yes of course
可以先构思，我大致用母语给你说一下，自己在思考用英语怎么写，作文最好还是自己思考自己写，才能有所提高。不可否认，互联网的迅速发展，给社会带来了巨大的进步，大大提高了资源信息的共享程度。但是，任何东西都是双刃剑，有利必有弊。互联网也滋生了网络犯罪，各种新型诈骗层出不穷。所以关键还是在我们怎么去使用。
互联网 The Inter
In the technology society, the Inter has bee an important part in daily life. There area growing number of peopleinterested in the Inter. People can study, entertain, and watch the news on the Inter. For our students, we are able to get the latest information and learning materials in the Inter. Besides, we can join group discussions with other students, and the distance ecation on the Inter is very useful to us. Except for study, students can have fun on the Inter, such as watching movies, listening to the music and getting news. It helps us to broaden our horizons. But, we should control ourselves and can not spend too much on searching the Inter.
在科技社会中，互联网已经成为日常生活中的重要部分。越来越多的人对互联网感兴趣。人们可以在互联网上学习，娱乐，看新闻。对我们学生来说，我们可以在网上获取最新信息和学习材料。此外，我们可以与其他同学加入讨论组，而且网上远程 教育对我们很有用。除了学习之外，学生可以在互联网上娱乐，比如看电影，听音乐以及获取新闻等等。它可以帮助我们开阔视野。但是，我们应该控制自己，不能花太多时间上网。
这个The Inter is being more and more important in our daily life. On the , we can learn news both at home and abroad and all kinds of other information as well. We can also send messages by e-mail, make phone calls, go to school, read different kinds of books and learn foreign languages by ourselves. Besides, we can enjoy music, watch sports matches and play chess or cards. On the , we can even do shopping, have a chat with others and make friends with them. In a word, the Inter has made our life more colourful.
参考范文：
In my opinion，the Inter is helpful rather than harmful as someone else thinks. As is known to all，the Inter is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. On the Inter，we can read news at home and from abroad and get as much information as we can. We can send e - mails or make phone calls to our family as well as to our friends. We can also attend the school，read many books and even teach ourselves English. We can also enjoy music，watch matches and play puter games on the Inter. We can even do shopping on line. Besides，we can improve our ability to operate the puter.
But we should not be given to the Inter，or we'll get our life and study destroyed. Besides，we should keep off the harmful websites. Anyhow，this doesn't prevent the Inter being our friend. We can't throw away the apple because of the core，can we？
不能自己写吗？这个我已经有了。不咋地。不能用点英语技巧吗。写写好不啦
等一会儿
互联网与我们的生活The Inter and Our Life
The Inter and Our Life
网络与我们的生活
We know the Inter is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
互联网在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
On the Inter, we can get as much information as we can. We can send e-mails to our friends and talk to them as well. Besides, on the Inter we can read books, enjoy music and watch ball games. We can also do shopping without leaving our homes. But many students spend too much time playing Inter games. They waste a lot of time.
在互联网上，我们可以得到尽可能多的信息。我们可以发送电子邮件给我们的朋友，就像跟他们聊天一样。此外，我们可以在网上看书，听音乐和看球赛。我们也可以不离开自己的家购物。但许多学生花太多时间玩网络游戏。他们浪费了很多时间。
We must make good use of the Inter.
我们必须好好利用网络
互联网的使用My View on the Inter
Alongwith the fast development of advanced science and technology, the Inter ha *** een an essential part in people’s lives. However, as to whether it is ablessing or a curse, people take different opinions towards it with thewidespread use of the Inter.
随着先进科学技术的飞速发展，互联网在人们的生活中已经是不可缺少的一部分了。然而，这到底是福还是祸呢，随着互联网的广泛使用不同的人持有不同的看法。
Onone hand, those who have already benefited from its practicing sing highly ofit. They claim that the Inter has improved their efficiency in study andwork a lot. They can search the resources they need on the Inter and thereis no need to go out to examine on the spot each time. In addition, the Intercontributes a lot to long-distance munication and interaction, and thatsaves more time for their study and business.
一方面，那些已经受益于互联网的人高度赞扬它。他们声称互联网提高了他们学习和工作的效率。他们可以在网上搜索他们需要的资源，而不需要每次都去现场检查。此外，互联网有助于远程通信的互动，并为学习和工作节省更多的时间。
However,every coin has o sides. There are a number of people argue that using the Interhas given rise many problems to their lives, and let me cite student as anexample. For one thing, the matters on the Inter are so various anddisordered that students are easy to be attracted by other matters which is notgood for them. And that will waste much time and even bring harm to them. Foranother, all kinds of neork games are a great lure and harm to students.Those who are addicted to neork games are easy to be lured away from theirstudies.
然而，每个硬币都有两面。有一些人认为，互联网的使用对他们的生活产生了许多问题，让我以学生为例。一方面，互联网上的事情是如此广泛和无序，学生们很容易被其他一些对他们没有好处的东西吸引。这将浪费很多时间，甚至给他们带来危害。另一方面，各种网络游戏给学生有很大的诱惑力和伤害。那些沉迷于网络游戏的人很容易被诱惑而不学习。
Fromwhat has been discussed above, I am inclined to support the former view becauseI convince that the advantages of the inter far weigh the disadvantages.Meanwhile, I also advocate that we should avoid its disadvantages as much aspossible as well as use it in the right way.
通过以上讨论，我倾向于支持前一种观点，因为我相信互联网的优势远远大于缺点。同时，我也认为我们应该尽量避免它的弊端，以正确的方式来使用它。
转载请注明出处作文大全网 » 互联网生活英语作文 英语作文《网络改变我们的生活》
⑹ 高中生英语演讲关于电脑或者网络的（在线等）3分钟
A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions.
Although mechanical examples of computers have existed through much of recorded human history, the first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). These were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Simple computers are small enough to fit into a wristwatch, and can be powered by a watch battery. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "computers". The embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from toys to instrial robots are however the most numerous.
The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile, distinguishing them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore computers ranging from a mobile phone to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks, given enough time and storage capacity.
Programming languages provide various ways of specifying programs for computers to run. Unlike natural languages, programming languages are designed to permit no ambiguity and to be concise. They are purely written languages and are often difficult to read aloud. They are generally either translated into machine code by a compiler or an assembler before being run, or translated directly at run time by an interpreter. Sometimes programs are executed by a hybrid method of the two techniques. There are thousands of different programming languages—some intended to be general purpose, others useful only for highly specialized applications.
Computers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations since the 1950s. The U.S. military's SAGE system was the first large-scale example of such a system, which led to a number of special-purpose commercial systems like Sabre.
In the 1970s, computer engineers at research institutions throughout the United States began to link their computers together using telecommunications technology. This effort was funded by ARPA (now DARPA), and the computer network that it proced was called the ARPANET. The technologies that made the Arpanet possible spread and evolved.
In time, the network spread beyond academic and military institutions and became known as the Internet. The emergence of networking involved a redefinition of the nature and boundaries of the computer. Computer operating systems and applications were modified to include the ability to define and access the resources of other computers on the network, such as peripheral devices, stored information, and the like, as extensions of the resources of an indivial computer. Initially these facilities were available primarily to people working in high-tech environments, but in the 1990s the spread of applications like e-mail and the World Wide Web, combined with the development of cheap, fast networking technologies like Ethernet and ADSL saw computer networking become almost ubiquitous. In fact, the number of computers that are networked is growing phenomenally. A very large proportion of personal computers regularly connect to the Internet to communicate and receive information. "Wireless" networking, often utilizing mobile phone networks, has meant networking is becoming increasingly ubiquitous even in mobile computing environments.
The need for computers to work well together and to be able to exchange information has spawned the need for many standards organizations, clubs and societies of both a formal and informal nature.
电脑是一台操纵根据指令集的数据。
虽然电脑机械事例，通过记录的人类历史上存在很多，首先开发了电脑在20世纪中期（1940年至45年）。这是一个大房间的大小，功耗一样，数百现代（PC）的个人电脑。关于集成电路的现代计算机的倍比早期的机器能够十亿百万美元，占据空间小部分。简单的电脑足够小，能够装到手表，并且可以通过手表电池供电。在各种形式的个人电脑是信息时代的图标，并且大多数人认为是“电脑”。在嵌入式设备中发现的许多MP3播放器到战斗机，从玩具到工业机器人的电脑但最多。
能够存储并执行指令的列表称为程序使电脑非常多才多艺，他们的区别计算器。教会-图灵论题是这种多功能性的数学声明：任何一个有某些最低限度的能力的电脑上，原则上执行相同的任务，任何其他电脑可以执行的能力。因此，从电脑手机到超级电脑都能够完成同样的计算任务，足够的时间和存储容量。
编程语言提供了指定的电脑程序运行的各种方法。与自然语言，编程语言的目的是不允许任何含糊和精简。它们是纯粹的语言文字，而且往往难以朗读。他们一般都翻译成机器代码编译器或汇编程序运行之前，或翻译，直接在运行时由一名翻译的时间。有时候程序执行的是两种方法混合方法。有许多不同的编程语言成千上万的一些拟通用，其他人只需要高度专业化的应用非常有用。
电脑被用来协调20世纪50年代以来，在多个地点的资料。美国军方的SAGE系统是第一个大规模实施这些制度，这导致了特殊用途的军刀等商业系统的数量规模的例子。
在20世纪70年代，在研究机构的电脑工程师在美国开始他们的计算机连接在一起使用电信技术。这一努力是ARPA的资助（现在DARPA）的，以及计算机网络，它被称为产生了ARPANET。该技术取得了ARPANET可能扩散和演变。
随着时间的推移，以后的学术和军事机构网络化，成为称为电脑互联网。网络的出现，涉及的性质和计算机边界的重新定义。计算机操作系统和应用程序进行了修改，包括能够定义和访问网络上的资源，如其他计算机外围设备，存储的信息，等等，为扩展名的个人电脑上的资源。开始时，这些设施主要是人们可以在高科技环境中工作，但在20世纪90年代申请的蔓延，如电子邮件和万维网，与发展经济结合起来，如以太网和ADSL网络技术的快速看到电脑联网变得几乎无处不在。事实上，该是联网的计算机数量正在飘洋过海。个人电脑的一个非常大的比例，定期连接到互联网来进行交流和接收信息。 “无线”网络，往往利用移动电话网络，意味着网络正在成为即使在移动计算环境日益普及。
对于电脑需要很好地协同工作，并能够交换信息促成了许多标准组织，俱乐部和双方正式和非正式性的社会需要。
⑺ 网络给我们带来的方便英语作文
很高兴第一时间为您解答，祝学习进步。如有问题请及时追问，谢谢~~O(∩_∩)O
Nowadays, the Internet has become very common in our daily life, in that we can surf the Internet everywhere anywhere by computer or mobile.However, the debate on the pros and cons of the network has never stopped.Some people say that the network is a platform for information sharing. Due to it, we have a convenient channel for the dissemination of information and access to information.But some others argue that some people commit a crime by the Internet, so we should stay away from the Internet.From my point of view, I prefer to agree to the former view.
现在，网络在我们的生活中已经很普通了，我们可以随时随地地利用电脑和手机上网。但是，关于网络的利弊的争论从来没有停止过。有的人说网络是分享信息的平台，有了网络，我们就有了传播信息和获取信息的渠道。但是，另外一部分人却说有的人会通过网络犯罪，我们应该远离网络。至于我个人的意见，我同意前者的观点。
There are some reasons accounting for my point.Firstly, with network, we can exchange information frequently and conveniently.In the information area, information is wealth.In many cases, whether we can succeed in something, it depends on how much information we get.In addition, except for its serious functions, network is a good tool to entertain.Preciously, we only have TV or game machines to have fun, but now we have a functional platform for fun.On the Internet, we can watch TV programs and movies, or we can play online games as well as chat with friends freely, which is a good way to relax.
以下的原因可以支撑我的观点。首先，有了网络，人们可以频繁、便利地交换信息。在信息时代，信息就是财富。在很多时候，我们是否能做成一件事，很大程度上取决于我们获取的信息的多少。此外，除了这样稍显严肃的功能之外，网络也是娱乐的好方式。以前，我们只有电视或游戏机可以娱乐，但有了网络，就有了一个多功能的娱乐平台。我们可以再网上看电视节目、电影，或者玩网络游戏，也可以自由地和朋友聊天，这是一种很好的放松的方式。
In short, there is no denying that the Internet has its own disadvantage, but I think its advantages far overweight its disadvantages that we can make good use of those good but avoid those bad.
简单来说，无可否认地，网络有它的缺点，但我认为网络的优点远远大于其缺点，我们应该利用好网络好的方面而避免其带来的负面影响。