A. 急求计算机网络方面的中英文对照
计算机网络-局域网(中英文对照)[1]
http://www.ecity.cn 作者:IT英语 来源:学赛网 2008年3月13日 发表评论 进入社区
Local area data networks,normally referred to simply as local area networks or LANs,are used to interconnect distributed communities of computer-based DTEs located within a single building or localized group of buildings.For example,a LAN may be used to interconnect workstations distributed around offices within a single building or a group of buildings such as a university campus.Alternatively,it may be used to interconnect computer-based equipment distributed around a factory or hospital complex[1].Since all the equipment is located within a single establishment,however,LANs are normally installed and maintained by the organization.Hence they are also referred to as private data networks.
The main difference between a communication path established using a LAN and a connection made through a public data network is that a LAN normally offers much higher data transmission rates because of the relatively short physical separations involved[2].In the context of the ISO Reference Model for OSI,however,this difference manifests itself only at the lower network dependent layers.In many instances the higher protocol layers in the reference model are the same for both types of network.
Before describing the structure and operation of the different types of LAN,it is perhaps helpful to first identify some of the selection issues that must be considered.A summary of some of the these issues is given in Fig. 14-5.It should be stressed that this is only a summary;there are also many possible links between the tips of the branches associated with the figure[3].
1.Topology
Most wide area networks,such as the PSTN,use a mesh(sometimes referred to as a network)topology.With LANs,however,the limited physical separation of the subscriber DTEs allows simpler topologies to be used.The four topologies in common use are star,bus,ring and hub.
The most widespread topology for LANs designed to function as data communication subnetworks for the interconnection of local computer-based equipment is the hub topology, which is a variation of the bus and ring[4].This is shown in Fig. 14-6,sometimes it is called hub/tree topology.
2.Transmission media
Twisted pair,coaxial cable and optical fiber are the three main types of transmission medium used for LANs.
3.Medium access control methods
Two techniques have been adopted for use of the medium access control in the LANs.They are carrier-sense-multiple-access with collision detection(CSMA/CD),for bus network topologies,and control token,for use with either bus or ring networks[5].
CSMA / CD is used to control multiple-access networks.Each on the network“listens” before attempting to send a message,waiting for the“traffic”to clear[6].If two stations try to send their messages at exactly the same time,a“collision”is detected,an both stations are required to“step back”and try later.
Control token is another way of controlling access to a shared transmission medium that is by the use of a control(pertnission)token.This token is passed from one DTE to another according to a defined set of rules understood and adhered to by all DTEs connected to the medium.A DTE may only transmit a frame when it is in possession of the token and,after it has transmined the frame,it passes the token on to allow another DTE to access the tranamission medium.
NOTES
[1] computer-based是指由计算机控制的,或装有微处理器的。
[2] that引出表语从句。
[3] 是指局域网的问题之间有很多联系,如总线拓扑结构可以采用双绞线、同轴电缆和光纤这些传输媒体等。
[4] 很少文献资料提出“集线”拓扑,一般都归并为星形拓扑之列。
[5] CSMA / CD访问控制方式,由于集线器和双绞线的使用,它也用于星形拓扑结构;令牌控制方式用于总线拓扑结构时指令牌总线网(token bus network)。
[6] traffic:通信量,话务量,clear在通信中为“清0”,拆线,此处指网上通信量为0。
KEYWORDS
Local Area Network(LAN) 局域网
private data network 专用数据网
topology 拓扑
Public Switched Telephone Network(PSTN) 公用电话交换网
hub 集线器
transmission media 传输媒体
Shielded Twisted Pair(STP) 屏蔽双绞线
Unshielded Twisted pair(UTP) 非屏蔽双绞线
coaxial cable 同轴电缆
baseband 基带
broadband 宽带
optical fiber 光纤
Carrier-Sense-Multiple-Access/Collision Detection(CSMA/CD) 带有检测冲突的载波侦听多路存取
Token 令牌
局域数据网一般简称为局域网,用于在一幢楼内或局限在楼群范围内把分散的基于计算机数据终端设备互连在一起。例如,一个局域网可以把一幢楼里或像大学校园内各个楼里的各个办公室的工作站连在一起。另外,局域网也可以把分布在工厂或医院建筑群中的计算机设备连在一起。由于所有这些设备都是一个单位的,因此局域网一般也由这个单位负责安装和维护。于是这类局域网也叫做专用数据网。
用局域网方式建立的通信线路和通过公用数据网连接的线路两者的主要区别在于:因为局域网连接的设备之间相对来说距离较近,因而数据传输速率高得多。但是在ISO的OSI参考模型中,这种区别只在较低的与网络相关的几层比较明显。而很多实例表明,在该参考模型高层协议中,这两种网络是没有区别的。
在叙述几种不同类型的局域网的结构和工作之前先认识一下必须考虑的有关问题可能是很有帮助的。图14-5概括了其中的某些问题。应该强调的是,这仅仅是一个概括,因为图中各分支之间还可能有很多链路。
1.拓扑结构
大多数广域网,如公共电话交换网(PSTN)就使用网状(有时称为网络)拓扑结构。而局域网,由于用户数据终端设备相距很近,可采用简单的拓扑结构。常用的有星形、总线、环形和集线器等4种拓扑结构。
应用最广的、用于本地计算机设备互连以进行数据通信的局域网拓扑结构是集线器拓扑结构。这种拓扑结构是总线和环形拓扑结构的变种。图14-6展示了为这种拓扑结构,有时也称为集线器/树形拓扑结构。
2.传输媒体
双绞线、同轴电缆和光纤是局域网采用的3种主要传输媒体。
3.媒体访问控制方法
局域网中采用了两种媒体访问控制技术。它们是用于总线网络拓扑结构的带冲突检测的载波侦听多路存取(CSMACD)和既可用于总线又可用于环形网络的令牌控制技术。
CSMA/ CD用来控制多路存取网络网络上的每个站点在试图发送信息前先“侦听”,等待通路空闲。如果两个站点在同一时刻要发送信息,将会检测到冲突,这两个站点必须各自“后退”一步,以后再重试。
令牌控制是另一种用令牌去控制访问共享传输媒体的方法。该令牌按所有连入媒体的DTE都知道并遵守的一套确定的规则从一个DTE传向另一个DTE。当某一DTE掌握这一令牌时,它才能传送一帧数据,而在传送完该帧之后,要将令牌释放,以便其他DTE访问该传输媒体。
B. 计算机网络(英文版第5版)的目录
PREFACE
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 USES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
1.1.1 Business Applications
1.1.2 Home Applications
1.1.3 Mobile Users
1.1.4 Social Issues
1.2 NETWORK HARDWARE
1.2.1 Personal Area Networks
1.2.2 Local Area Networks
1.2.3 Metropolitan Area Networks
1.2.4 Wide Area Networks
1.2.5 Internetworks
1.3 NETWORK SOFI'WARE
1.3.1 Protocol Hierarchies
1.3.2 Design Issues for the Layers
1.3.3 Connection Oriented Versus Connectionless Service
1.3.4 Service Primitives
1.3.5 The Relationship of Services to Protocols
1.4 REFERENCE MODELS
1.4.1 The OSI Reference Model
1.4.2 The TCPfIP Reference Model
1.4.3 The Model Used in This Book
1.4.4 A Comparison of the OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models
1.4.5 A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols
1.4.6 A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model
1.5 EXAMPLE NETWORKS
1.5.1 The Internet
1.5.2 Third-Generation Mobile Phone Networks
1.5.3 Wireless LANs: 802.11
1.5.4 RFID and Sensor Networks
1.6 NETWORK STANDARDIZATION
1.6.1 Who's Who in the Telecommunications World
1.6.2 Who's Who in the International Standards World
1.6.3 Who's Who in the Internet Standards World
1.7 METRIC UNITS
1.8 OUTLINE OF THE REST OF THE BOOK
1.9 SUMMARY
2 THE PHYSICAL LAYER
2.1 THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR DATA COMMUNICATION
2.1.1 Fourier Analysis
2.1.2 Bandwidth-Limited Signals
2.1.3 The Maximum Data Rate of a Channel
2.2 GUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA
2.2.1 Magnetic Media
2.2.2 Twisted Pairs
2.2.3 Coaxial Cable
2.2.4 Power Lines
2.2.5 Fiber Optics
2.3 WIRELESS TRANSMISSION
2.3.1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
2.3.2 Radio Transmission
2.3.3 Microwave Transmission
2.3.4 Infrared Transmission
2.3.5 Light Transmission
……
3 THE DATA LINK LAYER
4 THE MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL SUBLAYER
5 THE NETWORK LAYER
6 THE TRANSPORT LAYER
7 THE APPLICATION LAYER
8 NETWORK SECURITY
9 READING LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
C. “计算机网络”的英文翻译
Internet 就是互联网的意思,用它表示计算机网络最合适
D. 一段英文翻译(计算机网络方面)
Note: bufer -> buffer
希望我的翻译对你有帮助。
1. link bandwidth .The network has to decide how to apportion bandwidth between different flows,Network routers may also decide to prioritize certain types of packets(e.g. latencysensitive audio or interactive telnet packes) over others (e.g. electronic mail)
1. 链路带宽。 该网络需要决定怎样为不同流量分配带宽,网络路由器也可以用来决定为某种类型的数据包(比如:延迟感应音频或交互远程登录包)
提供在其他(如:电子邮件)之上优先权
2.Queue space .When the router decides that a packet has to be dropped because it is running out of queue space (also known as buffer space ),which packet should it drop?The arriving one?The earliest one?A random one ?And when should it decide to drop packets;only when the queue is full,or sooner than that? Waiting too long to before dropping packets only serves to increase packet delays,and it may be advantageous to drop occasional packets even when the queue isn't full.
2. 队列空间。 当由路由器认为由于一个包运行在队列空间(也称作缓冲空间)之外而需要丢掉时,该丢哪个包呢? 即将到达的? 还是到达最早的那个? 还是随机挑选一个? 什么时候决定该丢掉它呢,是队列满了的时候,抑或是更早些时候?在丢包前等候太长时间只会增加包延迟,并且有利于随机丢包甚至是队列未满的时候。
What happens if we don't manage network resources well? For one thing, the available bandwidth might end up being greatly under-utilized even when there is demand for it ,causing economic heartburn.Most often ,however,network designers end up provisioning for a certain amount of "expected " offered load,and then have to deal with overload,or congesion.
当我们不能够很好的管理网络资源时,会发生什么? 一方面,可用带宽可能会不能得到充分利用即使在需要这个带宽时,这会对经济不利. 然而大多时候,网络设计者最终分配一定量的"预期"负载,接着需要做的就是处理过载或堵塞问题了。
E. 计算机网络技术常用英语缩写
ACPI:Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 高级电源配置电源接口
AD:Active Directory 活动目录
ATM:Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式
CA:Certificate Authority 认证授权
CSMA/CD:Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect 载波侦听多波/冲突检测
DDN:Digital Data Network 数字数据网络
DLC:Data Link Control 数据链接控制
DHCP:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 动态主机配置协议
DNS:Domain Name System(Service) 动态域名系统(服务)
EXP:
FAT:File Allocation Table 文件分配表
FTP:File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议
GPF:General Protection Fault 一般保护错
GC:Global Catalog 全局类目
GG:Global Group 全局组
GUI:Graphical User Interface 图形用户接口
HAL:Hardware Abstraction Layer 硬件抽象层
HCI:Human Computer Interaction 人机接口
HCL:Hardware Compatibility List 硬件兼容性列表
HDLC:High-level Data Link Control 高速数据链路协议
HTML:Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标记语言
HTTP:Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议
HTTP:Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol 安全超文本传输协议
I/O:Input/Output 输入/输出
ICMP:Internet Control Message Protocol 互联网控制信息协议
ICP:Internet Commerce Provider 互联网商业提供商
IGMP:Internet Group Management Protocol 互联网组管理协议
IIS:Internet Information Server 互联网信息服务器
IMAP:Internet Message Access Protocol 互联网信息访问协议
IPX:Internetwork Packet Exchange 互连网包交换
IrDA:Infrared Data Association 红外数据传输组织
IRDP:ICMP Router Discovery Protocol ICMP路由发现协议
ISAPI:Internet Server Application Program Interface 互联网服务器应用程序接口
ISP:Internet or Independent Service Provider 互联网(独立)服务提供商
IT:Information Technology 信息技术(我发现很多朋友认为IT是Internet Technology其实不对
L2TP:Layer Two Tunneling Protocol 第二曾通道协议
LAN:Local Area Nerwork 局域网
LCP:Link Control Protocol 链路控制协议
LLP:Lower Layer Protocol 低层协议
MAC:Media Access Control 媒体访问控制
MBR:Master Boot Record 主引导记录
MPPE:Microsoft Point to Point Encryption 微软点对点加密
MTU:Maximum Transmission Unit 最大传输单元
NAT:Network Address Translation 网络地址转换
NetBEUI:NetBIOS Expand User Interface NetBIOS扩展用户接口
NetBIOS:Network Basic Input/Output System 网络基本输入/输入系统
NDIS:Network Driver Interface Specification 网络驱动程序接口规范
NFS:Network File System 网络文件系统
NIC:Network Interface Card 网络接口卡
NTFS:NT File System NT文件系统
F. 计算机网络(英文版第5版)的内容简介
本书是全球最具有权威性和经典性的计算机网络教材,我国各大专院校也广泛采用此书作为计算机网络课程的基本教材。作者tanenbaum教授以高深的理论造诣和丰富的实践经验,在书中对计算机网络的原理、结构、协议标准与应用等做了深入的分析与研究。
全书按照网络协议模型(物理层、数据链路层、介质访问控制子层、网络层、传输层和应用层),自底向上逐层讲述每一层所用的技术与协议标准,并给出大量实例!全书内容全面翔实,体系清晰合理,叙述由简入繁、层层深入,自底向上方法也符合人类从底层到高层的认识规律,因此是公认的最适合网络入门随着计算机网络的发展,本版对相关内容进行了大量修订、更新和补充,具体更新内容如下:
无线网络(802.12和802.16)。
智能手机使用的3G网络。
RFID和传感器网络。
使用CDN进行内容分发。
对等网络。
实时媒体。
网络电话。
延迟容忍网络。
G. 一段英语翻译(计算机网络)
有许多例子,说明超载原因congestion.For例如,一个可能的方式,以实现高吞吐量的网络可能是使所有的数据包的来源,他们可以快速,以便瓶颈网络连接运行在接近100 %的利用率。虽然这似乎是合理的,有点想表明,这种做法是自我完成defeating.All真的是长期排队的现象和由此产生的数据包的端到端延迟,并增加丢包率,这对一个可靠的端到端的解决方案,结束传输层将导致大量的retransmissions.This因此十分错误的做法取得良好的网络throughput.this的例子也表明了基本实现高之间的紧张关系联系起来的利用一方面(由数据传输快速) ,以及低利率的延误和损失的其他(增加如果数据传送速度过快) 。
这一概念的提出如何增加负荷,以实现高利用率不符合包损失和延误的说明图2.This数字显示原理鉴于吞吐量作为一个功能提供负载网络。最初,在低级别的提供负载吞吐量大约是成正比提供负载,因为网络是利用不足,那么,吞吐量高原价值euqal的瓶颈链路带宽,因为数据包开始接收队列
H. 计算机网络专业英语翻译
连接设置: connection configuration 或者 connection setting吧
ARP防攻击: Anti ARP attack
证书管理: Certificate management
拨号失败提醒: Dial-up failure notification
恢复出厂设置可以直接用 Reset to default
你找到的这些已经是挺不错的翻译了,要么你可以尝试图标加鼠标指针提示吧
I. 计算机网络(英文版第5版)的介绍
《计算机网络(英文版·第5版)》是全球最具权威性和经典性的计算机网络教材,我国各高等院校也广泛采用此书作为计算机网络课程的基本教材、Tanenbaum教授以高深的理论造诣和丰富的实践经验,在书中对计算机网络的原理、结构、协议标准与应用等做了深入的分析与研究。
J. 计算机网络技术专业介绍英文介绍
Hello!
My name is Chunyu Wang, age 23 years old, and I graated from Dalian Vocational Technology College, post-secondary ecation. Ecation, science and technology in the Purcell Development Co., Ltd.I have been engaged in more than a year of work, software development and testing done.
I Like reading and sports, especially basketball.
Practical work hard, cheerful personality.
I have a certain degree of learning ability and communication skills.