⑴ 如何正確使用網路英語作文80詞
The computer is one kind of tool,is uses to us,but not plays; The
academic society uses the human is a smart person,will only play the
human will be the stupid person,you may access the net,to look that the
news,the understanding current event,will simultaneously raise itself to
study using the network,but plays the game purely,is obtained the more
network knowledge oneself.Although the network is a messenger,is also
the good teacher and helpful friend who studies,but excessively many
surfers can cause the vision to drop,the academic record drops; Serious
also has the possibility to create is with one's family broken up and
decimated!
電腦是一種工具,是給我們用的,而不是玩的；學會用的人是聰明人,只會玩的人則是愚蠢的人,你可以上網,看新聞、了解時事,
同時培養自己利用網路來學習,而不是單純地玩游戲,讓自己獲得更多的網路知識.網路雖是一個通信員,也是學習上的良師益友,但過多的上網會導致視力下降,
學習成績下降;嚴重的還有可能造成家破人亡!
⑵ 互聯網的利與弊英語作文帶翻譯
With the development of the science and technology,the puter has been becoing the necessity for people in the 21st Century.Following,neork is of close link with our life,bringing us inparable convenience on our life and work.
Through the neork,we can search for useful datas and get to know the current events.When you play puter games after a long-time work,it can relieve your pressure and make you feel relaxed.Besides,playing online games is not all bad,for it can fulfil students' entertaining requests as well as practise their response ability.
However,there still exists some disadvantages in the neork.The radiation from the puter will do harm to people's health if you keep on watching the puter for a long time.And short sight may caused by it for your eyes stay tense.At present,there are too many games on the Inter,but some of them are not of good quality even contain some unhealthy content like violence and so on.Duo to the lack of recognizing society and self-protection awareness,some students get addicted in the games and online dating.
In fact,neork is not that horrible,as long as we know more about it,it will bee our right hand on our studies.Let's build a clean neork world together.
隨著科技的發展,電腦在二十一世紀成了人們必要的用品.隨之而基備來,網路與我們的生活息息相關,給現代人的生活、工作帶來了無與倫比的方便.
通過網路,我們能查尋有用的資料,了解時事動態等等.當你工碧鋒納作了很長時間後去玩電腦游戲,可以減緩你的精神壓力,放鬆你的心情.並且,上網玩游戲也不完全是壞事,因為學悔沒生玩游戲可以鍛煉手、腦的反應能力,滿足學生娛樂需要.
但是網路也有弊.長時間的看電腦,電腦發出的輻射對人體有很大的害處.眼睛長期處於緊張狀態容易造成近視.現在的電腦游戲眾多,某些電腦游戲粗製濫造,甚至含有暴力等不健康內容.有的孩子由於對社會認識不足和自我保護意識缺乏,沉迷網路游戲,網路交友.
其實網路並不可怕,只要我們面對網路時多一些認識,網路就會成為我們學習上的有利助手.讓我們一起創個干凈的網路世界吧 !
Much of modern munication is done through the Inter as it tran *** its all kinds of information. Teenagers pose a major group of the Inter users, as we use it to research for papers, chat with friends and read e-mails.Obviously, we use the Inter because we need it. We need the quick access to information and knowledge. We need to municate with our friends via QQ or Skype. We need the convenience that the cyberspace offers.Now we can save our time buying things through the Inter, but we lose the chance to talk with people face to face. And what we only get is spending more time on the Inter! It numbed our feelings. I don't suppose an emoticon is better than a real *** ile, or a real hug. Because we human beings are made of flesh, not mental.望採納
The advantage and disadvantage of Inter The society's development and prosperity depend upon the advanced technology or science and sophisticated technique.what's the tran *** ission for knowledgegs? how do you get the information? how do you know more apart from your teacher and mentor? from Library, yes, that's only one of ways that you can try. another way which proved even more important for seeking knowledge and instill yourself is by inter,especially in modern society.Inter is a endless ＂Knowledge Sea＂ for your search and exploitation. that's also one of the biggest advantages of inter. by inter, we can get information in what we want, science, astronomy, architecture, anthropology, archaeology etc without teacher or consultor.Besides for information obtainment, but also for doing business if you want. for instance, Taobao--the most famous shopping website of China, you can through the website of yourown to do business with others.that's can be regarded as a neork shopping site of you. if there is someone wants to buy things you listed in the sale items, then you will get profit from the trade transaction.There is another advantage which is monplace in the world. Distance-learning, yes, distance-learning, in this way, you can register in a distinguished and prestiged school for learning through inter only by the enrollment pay without walking out of your room and take long miles of ways to attend the class, there is no time limit, no place limit, you can learn new things in which you expect only by your puter, the inter, open the puter, click the website of the school, move your mouse, switch your microphone, then you will be able to attend the class. and some of them, if the video equipment is available to the learning course, then you can also switch your video device to see exactly the teacher or professor who has the class through the inter, his or her appearance, speaking manner, actions, all you will get like that the teacher is just in front of you to has class. For the advantage of such a learning style, you can take class in where you are, and you can also make arrangement with your professor for the timetable, then you can learn to when you want. and to be more, there is also no age limit for most inter-learning school. such a learning style is very important and popular in modern society, espcially for those people who are busy or have not time to go out for regular participation in learning. now here i also like to list some of the disadvantages of inter, as you know, everything has its o-edges, for inter, is also the same case. one of the most disadvantages of inter is that neork-game. espcially for that people in who has addicted. for same teenages, who are enchanted by the neork game will get failure and deprogress or degradation in school work. and we should avoid the childen from tripping into such a volution. another disadvantage is that inter crime. it means that somebody use the inter as a tool to doing something that threaten to society or people's secure both life and property, and we know for that mon words of ＂Hacker＂ which is with the purpose to destroy, stel or monitor government or enterprise's documentations or personnal data. In the end, i'd like to say, we should take the advantages of inter to make us progressive and sophisticated or knowledgeable, or doing business through it to make our life better, but for the disadvatages, we should definitely avoid from involving in, and say ＂No＂ to it. i wish all of you will be able to lead a more enjoyable life by inter in the future after reading the essay.
1·英語作文：One, write a blog to play the game, that is to move the brain not to get alzheimer's disease. Our unit and my age group have a few old people know to watch TV, also know to exercise body, but not love to use brain, slowly cerebellum atrophy dementia, go out to find home. I share experience with izens, and the mon experience is that the puter will never develop dementia in the elderly. Our mon experience is that the elderly are surfing the Inter and their brains are faster and more flexible.Second, embodies the old school, the old and the happy. You can't get on the puter without knowing it. You want to learn from the astronomy, down to the geography, international, domestic, listen to the various operas, cross talk, love to look at the *** all goods, you mouse just a point, you study, see! It's a good thing to be out of the house. Playing games is also fun for the elderly, playing poker online, playing chess, playing mahjong, playing checkers, keeping fish, growing flowers, growing vegetables, stealing vegetables and playing golf.Make friends. Have good friend, have the , also can QQ friend chat. Be bored to chat, do not want to chat. It's more fun to open a micro blog, so it's not just a fan, it's a fan, it's easy to read, and you can write private letters. QQ is more interesting have mailbox, have space. Friends can go all over the world, video chat face to face without spending money, your children are in the sky just outside of the country, the mouse just meet you say how good ah!2·翻譯：1）、寫寫博文玩玩游戲，即動手又動腦不得老年痴呆症。
我們單位和我同年齡段的有幾個老人就知道看電視，也知道鍛煉身體，但不愛用腦，慢慢的小腦萎縮痴呆了，出門都找不著家了。
我和網友們交流經驗，共同的體會就是老年人上電腦絕不會得痴呆症，我們共同的經驗是老年人上網，腦子反應更快更靈活。
2）、體現了老有所學，老有所樂。
上電腦，你是不上不知道，上了就離不了。
你想學的上至天文，下至地理，國際，國內的、愛聽的各種戲曲、相聲、愛看的小品、您滑鼠就那麼一點，您就學習了，看見啦！哪可真是秀才不出門全知天下事。
老年人玩游戲也是樂趣，網上打撲克、下棋、打麻將、下跳棋、養魚、養花、種菜、偷菜、打球一應俱全。
3）、廣交朋友。
有好友、有摯交、還可以QQ交友聊天。
悶得慌了就聊聊，不想聊了就拜拜。
開個微博更有意思，那就不叫朋友了就是粉絲了，發微博簡單明了，還可以寫私信。
QQ就更有意思了有信箱、有空間。
朋友可以遍天下，視頻聊天面對面又不花錢，你的兒女遠在天邊就是在國外，滑鼠一點就見面了你說多好呀！
pareing who study in inter with who study in classroom,which one,do you think ,is more convenient and more truth。
what is more ,if you study in the inter,you have to municate with another,and you need more resource。
studying in classroom ,however,you need just book and exercise book ,therefore,studying in classroom is more convenient and more truth。
純個人手工。
第一句對比了網上學習與教室學習第二句式基於上面的假設進行的反問第三句是兩者具體的對比第四局勢總結希望對你有好幫助
The Advantages of Online Learning In recent years, online learning has been popular with the public graally pared with traditional classroom learning, online learning has show its giant advantages. In general, there are three aspects of advantages about online learning. In the first place, online learning change passivity of study into the initiative. In the classroom, teachers stands on the platform facing lots of students, students just accept knowledge passively, even though they have questions after class, teachers can not work it out for them quickly. Online learning is different, it can supply a terrace for students to choose courses and teachers they like, at the same time, the questions they ask will also be solved in 24 hours. it improves the efficiency and activity of study. Second, students can schele their study time properly depending on online learning. Online course make them never be busy with study whenever they like. Third, online learning can make information munication easily. When searching information in class, you can just make it on inter rather than go to other places like library.
The puter plays the vital role in ours life, the puter may help us to handle very many matters: The data putation, the study entertainment, the office automation, the control proction, draws money automatically, long-distance correspondence ...... The puter news fast development promoted its popularization. Now besides the personal puting which finds at everywhere, each kind of portable portable puter also arises at the historic moment. The puter is playing the very major role in ours life. Cannot have in us when question, we may access the the consult material, some quite big data may use the puter to calculate ......We may learn very many knowledge in the puter The puter also has many is bad, if to the elementary student, I wants to say plays the puter the question. Now the family economical level enhanced, the elementary student vision dropped actually, this is plays the puter the fault. The advantage very are also many, for example chats, said the topic and so on some beneficial games can cause elementary student's after school life to be more interesting. But cannot sink confuses in the puter games. Some real matter meant, a child,For puter games in hypothesized ty battle, own jumped from an upper story. Therefore, plays the puter not to be able to fall, after on the one hand which falls to does not have the advantage. The high tech proct increases day by day,Computer these high tech proct,Has brought many conveniently to the people,Might also bring the misfortune to the people.Today I want to schoolmates said,That is regarding yours vision.Many children just were giving birth to,Eye all well,May perhaps be because watches the television,Plays the puter,Each one has all taken to bring with the eyeglasses.On our class,Some 70% schoolmate are almost the nearsightedness,My eye also very is originally good,May march into the higher grades,Also starts to drop.This police has shown us,Plays the puter,May,Watches the television,No reason why not.However,If you want to have a pair of beautiful health eye,Anything must have a limit.If your eye for a long time in television and under puter acpanying,I believed,That cannot have the good result. 電腦在我們的生活中起著重要的作用，電腦可以幫我們做很多事情：數據計算，學習娛樂，辦公自動化，控制生產，自動取款，遠程通信…… 電腦的訊速發展促進了它的普及。
現在除了隨處可見的個人電腦外，各種攜帶型的手提電腦也應運而生。
電腦在我們的生活中起著很大的作用。
在我們有不懂的問題時，我們可以上網查閱資料，一些比較大的數據可以用電腦計算……在電腦中我們可以學到很多知識。
電腦也有許多壞出，如果對小學生呢，我想說玩電腦的問題。
現在家庭的經濟水平提高了，小學生們的視力卻下降了，這就是玩電腦的壞處。
好處也很多，例如聊聊天、說說題等一些有益的游戲能使小學生的課餘生活更加有趣。
但不能沉迷於電腦游戲。
有一個真實的事就是說，一個小孩，為了電腦游戲中虛擬任務的爭斗，自己跳樓了。
所以，玩電腦不能陷進去，陷進去後對哪一方面都沒有好處。
高科技產品日益增多，電腦這些高科技產品，給人們帶來了許多方便，可也給人們帶來了不幸.今天我就想對同學們說說其中的一點，那就是對於你的視力.許多小孩在剛生下的時候，眼睛都好好的，可也許是因為看電視，玩電腦，個個都帶上了眼鏡.就我們班，差不多有70%的同學是近視，我的眼睛原來也很好，可步入高年級，也開始下降.這警示了我們，玩電腦，可以，看電視，未嘗不可.然而，如果你想有一雙美麗健康的眼睛，什麼都要有個限制.如果你的眼睛長期在電視和電腦的陪伴下，我相信，那不會有好結果. 希望對你有幫助 如有疑問請在線交談 望採納 謝謝
There is a wide spread concern over the issue that should we learn English on Inter .The opinion concerning this hot topic is varies from person to person ,However the majority of people hold the view that we should learn English on Inter ,There are o factors contributing their attitudes as follows:First It's a easier way to learn it better,Second,On the Inter we can see a lot of knowledge about English ,It also can widen my horizon and broden my mind ,But different people have different views ,some people believed that we should not learn English on Inter ,On one hand ,It not very formal ,On the other hand wo will attract by other things .So it goes without saying that we should not learn English on Inter.As far as I am concerned ,we should learn English on Inter ,Not only wo should keep the speed of our world ,but also we must learn the new knowledge ,The more you learn the better you future are ,Do as well as you can today ,tomorrow you will be better!
九年級的80詞左右
The Effects of the InterWith the development of the society , the puter has been caming to more and more families.Of course , surfing the Inter is a double-edged sword.On the one hand ,the Inter widen our eyes and relax us .we can learn the latest news , search the information as soon as possible on the Interner . Also , we can municate with others ,such as chatting face to face . On the other hand , surfing on the Inter for a long time and some bad information may do harm to our health . In a word , we should realize the advantagements and disadvantagemets of the Inter , and make good us of it to help us make progress and live better !九年級的水平，不知這樣可不可以。
如果可以的話，請選為滿意答案哦~
The advantages and disadvantages of the InterNowadays, people use the Inter to listen to the music, watch movies or go shopping. It's very convenient and important in our lives. But the Inter has the advantages and disadvantages,we should be attention to them. We can study on the Inter. There are many books and helpfulvideo on it. Chet on it with friends also convenient. But it is dangerous in some ways, too.Some people will cheat you by the Inter, so be careful. And don't use the Inter too long time, because it's bad for your eyes. Please use the inter reasonable.上網的好處和壞處如今，人們上網聽音樂，看電影或購物，它在我們的生活中非常便捷而且重要。
但是上網有好處和壞處，我們必須關注他們。
我們可以在網上學習，那上面有很多書籍和有用的視頻。
在上面和朋友聊天也是便捷的。
但是它在某些方面也是危險的。
有些人會利用網路欺騙你，所以請小心。
還有不要用網路太長時間，因為它對你的眼睛不好。
請合理運用網路。
純原創，純手打。
初二的，也許有語法錯誤，望給好評！...
供參考Nowadays the inter has given people much convenience in their life, work and study. And much trouble as well. Positively, the inter gives us students tons of knowledge and information. Besides, we can buy whatever we want online without going out.On the other hand, inter, as a kind of entertainment, has drwan us students' attention away from our schoolwork. Many students spend too much time surfing online or playing games.當今網路給人們的生活、工作、學習等方面帶來了很多便利，同時也帶來了很多麻煩.好的方面，網路提供我們學生許多知識和信息. 此外，我們足不出戶就可以在線購物.另一方面，作為一種娛樂，網路讓我們不能專心學習.很多學生花大量時間上網玩游戲檢舉補充回答： 上文淺易 如果是高中生 下文為好It has been a wide and heated discuss on the topic 'Going Online'. Of course, different people holds different opinions. Some think that it is purely a waste of time to hang out on the Inter. Others may think that it is good to surfing the Inter to search information, chat with others. In my view, neither of them is right and we should appraise it from o different aspects. From the first aspect, we see that it is very good to go online. The Inter is one of the most beneficial inventions from the second it was invented. It links the whole world together and through it we share our happiness and sorrow with the world. It makes it easier for us to get the information we want. At some rate, the Inter is much more like a vast library. But that is not all of the Inter, we can do more things on the Inter. For example, shopping, chatting, working, playing and enjoying. In one word, it has been part of the modern life to go online. Form the second one, we can see a devil on the Inter. There is too much bad things on the Inter just as many as the good ones. Every year, there are hundreds of thousands of teenagers who bee addicted to playing online games, chatting online and so on. All in all, going online is not a good thing, nor a bad one. It is depend on the result, that is what you have got from the Inter.
轉載請註明出處作文大全網 » 互聯網的利與弊英語作文帶翻譯
⑶ 關於互聯網的英語論文，帶有中文翻譯。3000字左右。急啊。
華文版本
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91
The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW).
History
Creation
The USSR's launch of Sputnik spurred the United States to create the Advanced Research Projects Agency, known as ARPA, in February 1958 to regain a technological lead.[1][2] ARPA created the Information Processing Technology Office (IPTO) to further the research of the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) program, which had networked country-wide radar systems together for the first time. J. C. R. Licklider was selected to head the IPTO, and saw universal networking as a potential unifying human revolution.
Licklider moved from the Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory at Harvard University to MIT in 1950, after becoming interested in information technology. At MIT, he served on a committee that established Lincoln Laboratory and worked on the SAGE project. In 1957 he became a Vice President at BBN, where he bought the first proction PDP-1 computer and concted the first public demonstration of time-sharing.
At the IPTO, Licklider recruited Lawrence Roberts to head a project to implement a network, and Roberts based the technology on the work of Paul Baran,[citation needed] who had written an exhaustive study for the U.S. Air Force that recommended packet switching (as opposed to circuit switching) to make a network highly robust and survivable. After much work, the first two nodes of what would become the ARPANET were interconnected between UCLA and SRI International in Menlo Park, California, on October 29, 1969. The ARPANET was one of the "eve" networks of today's Internet. Following on from the demonstration that packet switching worked on the ARPANET, the British Post Office, Telenet, DATAPAC and TRANSPAC collaborated to create the first international packet-switched network service. In the UK, this was referred to as the International Packet Stream Service (IPSS), in 1978. The collection of X.25-based networks grew from Europe and the US to cover Canada, Hong Kong and Australia by 1981. The X.25 packet switching standard was developed in the CCITT (now called ITU-T) around 1976. X.25 was independent of the TCP/IP protocols that arose from the experimental work of DARPA on the ARPANET, Packet Radio Net and Packet Satellite Net ring the same time period. Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed the first description of the TCP protocols ring 1973 and published a paper on the subject in May 1974. Use of the term "Internet" to describe a single global TCP/IP network originated in December 1974 with the publication of RFC 675, the first full specification of TCP that was written by Vinton Cerf, Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine, then at Stanford University. During the next nine years, work proceeded to refine the protocols and to implement them on a wide range of operating systems.
The first TCP/IP-wide area network was made operational by January 1, 1983 when all hosts on the ARPANET were switched over from the older NCP protocols to TCP/IP. In 1985, the United States' National Science Foundation (NSF) commissioned the construction of a university 56 kilobit/second network backbone using computers called "fuzzballs" by their inventor, David L. Mills. The following year, NSF sponsored the development of a higher-speed 1.5 megabit/second backbone that became the NSFNet. A key decision to use the DARPA TCP/IP protocols was made by Dennis Jennings, then in charge of the Supercomputer program at NSF.
The opening of the network to commercial interests began in 1988. The US Federal Networking Council approved the interconnection of the NSFNET to the commercial MCI Mail system in that year and the link was made in the summer of 1989. Other commercial electronic e-mail services were soon connected, including OnTyme, Telemail and Compuserve. In that same year, three commercial Internet Service Providers were created: UUNET, PSINET and CERFNET. Important, separate networks that offered gateways into, then later merged with, the Internet include Usenet and BITNET. Various other commercial and ecational networks, such as Telenet, Tymnet, Compuserve and JANET were interconnected with the growing Internet. Telenet (later called Sprintnet) was a large privately funded national computer network with free dial-up access in cities throughout the U.S. that had been in operation since the 1970s. This network was eventually interconnected with the others in the 1980s as the TCP/IP protocol became increasingly popular. The ability of TCP/IP to work over virtually any pre-existing communication networks allowed for a great ease of growth, although the rapid growth of the Internet was e primarily to the availability of commercial routers from companies such as Cisco Systems, Proteon and Juniper, the availability of commercial Ethernet equipment for local-area networking and the widespread implementation of TCP/IP on the UNIX operating system.
Common uses of the Internet
E-mail
For more details on this topic, see E-mail.
The concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of the Internet. Even today it can be important to distinguish between Internet and internal e-mail systems. Internet e-mail may travel and be stored unencrypted on many other networks and machines out of both the sender's and the recipient's control. During this time it is quite possible for the content to be read and even tampered with by third parties, if anyone considers it important enough. Purely internal or intranet mail systems, where the information never leaves the corporate or organization's network, are much more secure, although in any organization there will be IT and other personnel whose job may involve monitoring, and occasionally accessing, the e-mail of other employees not addressed to them.
The World Wide Web
Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web (or just the Web) interchangeably, but, as discussed above, the two terms are not synonymous.
The World Wide Web is a huge set of interlinked documents, images and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. These hyperlinks and URLs allow the web servers and other machines that store originals, and cached copies, of these resources to deliver them as required using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). HTTP is only one of the communication protocols used on the Internet.
Web services also use HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and data.
Software procts that can access the resources of the Web are correctly termed user agents. In normal use, web browsers, such as Internet Explorer and Firefox, access web pages and allow users to navigate from one to another via hyperlinks. Web documents may contain almost any combination of computer data including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content including games, office applications and scientific demonstrations.
Through keyword-driven Internet research using search engines like Yahoo! and Google, millions of people worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide Web has enabled a sudden and extreme decentralization of information and data.
Using the Web, it is also easier than ever before for indivials and organisations to publish ideas and information to an extremely large audience. Anyone can find ways to publish a web page or build a website for very little initial cost. Publishing and maintaining large, professional websites full of attractive, diverse and up-to-date information is still a difficult and expensive proposition, however.
Many indivials and some companies and groups use "web logs" or blogs, which are largely used as easily updatable online diaries. Some commercial organisations encourage staff to fill them with advice on their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert knowledge and free information, and be attracted to the corporation as a result. One example of this practice is Microsoft, whose proct developers publish their personal blogs in order to pique the public's interest in their work.
Collections of personal web pages published by large service providers remain popular, and have become increasingly sophisticated. Whereas operations such as Angelfire and GeoCities have existed since the early days of the Web, newer offerings from, for example, Facebook and MySpace currently have large followings. These operations often brand themselves as social network services rather than simply as web page hosts.
Advertising on popular web pages can be lucrative, and e-commerce or the sale of procts and services directly via the Web continues to grow.
In the early days, web pages were usually created as sets of complete and isolated HTML text files stored on a web server. More recently, websites are more often created using content management system (CMS) or wiki software with, initially, very little content. Contributors to these systems, who may be paid staff, members of a club or other organisation or members of the public, fill underlying databases with content using editing pages designed for that purpose, while casual visitors view and read this content in its final HTML form. There may or may not be editorial, approval and security systems built into the process of taking newly entered content and making it available to the target visitors.
Social impact
The Internet has made possible entirely new forms of social interaction, activities and organizing, thanks to its basic features such as widespread usability and access.
Social networking websites such as Facebook and MySpace have created a new form of socialization and interaction. Users of these sites are able to add a wide variety of items to their personal pages, to indicate common interests, and to connect with others. It is also possible to find a large circle of existing acquaintances, especially if a site allows users to utilize their real names, and to allow communication among large existing groups of people.
Sites like meetup.com exist to allow wider announcement of groups which may exist mainly for face-to-face meetings, but which may have a variety of minor interactions over their group's site at meetup.org, or other similar sites.
Political organization and censorship
For more details on this topic, see Internet censorship.
In democratic societies, the Internet has achieved new relevance as a political tool. The presidential campaign of Howard Dean in 2004 in the United States became famous for its ability to generate donations via the Internet. Many political groups use the Internet to achieve a whole new method of organizing, in order to carry out Internet activism.
Some governments, such as those of Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Myanmar, the People's Republic of China, and Saudi Arabia, restrict what people in their countries can access on the Internet, especially political and religious content. This is accomplished through software that filters domains and content so that they may not be easily accessed or obtained without elaborate circumvention.
In Norway, Denmark, Finland and Sweden, major Internet service providers have voluntarily (possibly to avoid such an arrangement being turned into law) agreed to restrict access to sites listed by police. While this list of forbidden URLs is only supposed to contain addresses of known child pornography sites, the content of the list is secret.[citation needed]
Many countries, including the United States, have enacted laws making the possession or distribution of certain material, such as child pornography, illegal, but do not use filtering software.
There are many free and commercially available software programs with which a user can choose to block offensive websites on indivial computers or networks, such as to limit a child's access to pornography or violence. See Content-control software.
Leisure activities
The Internet has been a major source of leisure since before the World Wide Web, with entertaining social experiments such as MUDs and MOOs being concted on university servers, and humor-related Usenet groups receiving much of the main traffic. Today, many Internet forums have sections devoted to games and funny videos; short cartoons in the form of Flash movies are also popular. Over 6 million people use blogs or message boards as a means of communication and for the sharing of ideas.
The pornography and gambling instries have both taken full advantage of the World Wide Web, and often provide a significant source of advertising revenue for other websites. Although many governments have attempted to put restrictions on both instries' use of the Internet, this has generally failed to stop their widespread popularity.
One main area of leisure on the Internet is multiplayer gaming. This form of leisure creates communities, bringing people of all ages and origins to enjoy the fast-paced world of multiplayer games. These range from MMORPG to first-person shooters, from role-playing games to online gambling. This has revolutionized the way many people interact and spend their free time on the Internet.
While online gaming has been around since the 1970s, modern modes of online gaming began with services such as GameSpy and MPlayer, to which players of games would typically subscribe. Non-subscribers were limited to certain types of gameplay or certain games.
Many use the Internet to access and download music, movies and other works for their enjoyment and relaxation. As discussed above, there are paid and unpaid sources for all of these, using centralized servers and distributed peer-to-peer technologies. Discretion is needed as some of these sources take more care over the original artists' rights and over right laws than others.
Many use the World Wide Web to access news, weather and sports reports, to plan and book holidays and to find out more about their random ideas and casual interests.
People use chat, messaging and e-mail to make and stay in touch with friends worldwide, sometimes in the same way as some previously had pen pals. Social networking websites like MySpace, Facebook and many others like them also put and keep people in contact for their enjoyment.
The Internet has seen a growing number of Web desktops, where users can access their files, folders, and settings via the Internet.
Cyberslacking has become a serious drain on corporate resources; the average UK employee spends 57 minutes a day surfing the Web at work, according to a study by Peninsula Business Services.[9]
Complex architecture
Many computer scientists see the Internet as a "prime example of a large-scale, highly engineered, yet highly complex system".[10] The Internet is extremely heterogeneous. (For instance, data transfer rates and physical characteristics of connections vary widely.) The Internet exhibits "emergent phenomena" that depend on its large-scale organization. For example, data transfer rates exhibit temporal self-similarity. Further adding to the complexity of the Internet is the ability of more than one computer to use the Internet through only one node, thus creating the possibility for a very deep and hierarchal sub-network that can theoretically be extended infinitely (disregarding the programmatic limitations of the IPv4 protocol). However, since principles of this architecture date back to the 1960s, it might not be a solution best suited to modern needs, and thus the possibility of developing alternative structures is currently being looked into.[11]
According to a June 2007 article in Discover magazine, the combined weight of all the electrons moved within the Internet in a day is 0.2 millionths of an ounce.[12] Others have estimated this at nearer 2 ounces (50 grams).[13]
Marketing
The Internet has also become a large market for companies; some of the biggest companies today have grown by taking advantage of the efficient nature of low-cost advertising and commerce through the Internet, also known as e-commerce. It is the fastest way to spread information to a vast number of people simultaneously. The Internet has also subsequently revolutionized shopping—for example; a person can order a CD online and receive it in the mail within a couple of days, or download it directly in some cases. The Internet has also greatly facilitated personalized marketing which allows a company to market a proct to a specific person or a specific group of people more so than any other advertising medium.
Examples of personalized marketing include online communities such as MySpace, Friendster, Orkut, Facebook and others which thousands of Internet users join to advertise themselves and make friends online. Many of these users are young teens and adolescents ranging from 13 to 25 years old. In turn, when they advertise themselves they advertise interests and hobbies, which online marketing companies can use as information as to what those users will purchase online, and advertise their own companies' procts to those users.
⑷ 高分跪求計算機英語論文
【英文篇名】 Switch Router Operating System Based on a General Operating System
【下載頻次】 ☆
【作者】 潘登; 徐佩霞;
【英文作者】 PAN Deng; XU Pei xia （Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei; 230027; China）;
【作者單位】 中國科學技術大學電子工程與信息科學系; 230027;
【文獻出處】 數據採集與處理 , Journal of Data Acquisition & Processing, 編輯部郵箱 2003年 04期
期刊榮譽：中文核心期刊要目總覽 ASPT來源刊 CJFD收錄刊
【中文關鍵詞】 交換式路由器; 通用操作系統; 路由器操作系統;
【英文關鍵詞】 switch router; general operating system; router operating system;
【摘要】 提出了一種將通用操作系統及其上層路由軟體移植到交換式路由器平台上的方案。此方案可以向上屏蔽交換式路由器與傳統的路由器體系結構上的區別 ,從而把通用操作系統及其上層路由軟體移植到交換式路由器的平台上 ;同時兼顧數據通信和管理維護方面的需求 ,為上層路由軟體提供了與傳統路由器相同的介面 ,從而使基於通用操作系統的路由軟體可以在不損失可升級性的條件下快速移植到交換式路由器上。實際應用證實了該方案具有良好的靈活性和兼容性
【英文摘要】 A new solution to port general operating systems and their routing software to switch router is presented. The solution shields the architecture difference between traditional router and switch router to application level software, thus it may support general operating system and their routing software on switch router platform. The solution is also considered as requirements of both data communication and control functions. And same ways of the access and control of the router are provied as traditional ro...
【基金】 國家 8 63計劃 ( 863 -3 1 7-0 1 -99)資助項目
【DOI】 CNKI:SUN:SJCJ.0.2003-04-017
【分類號】 TN915.05
【正文快照】 引 言路由器最重要的工作是根據 IP包頭和路由、過濾規則轉發 IP包。其他功能還包括路由表的維護與路由器系統的維護。實際上路由器可以看成是一種針對 IP網路路由需求而設計的專用計算機。隨著網際網路所承載的業務的演進 ,網際網路對於路由器性能的要求也日漸提高。在交換式路
看看這一篇
文章編號: 100429037 (2003) 0420450205
一種基於通用操作系統的交換式路由器操作系統實現
潘 登, 徐佩霞
(中國科學技術大學電子工程與信息科學系, 合肥, 230027)
摘要: 提出了一種將通用操作系統及其上層路由軟體移植到交換式路由器平台上的方案。此方案可以向上屏蔽
交換式路由器與傳統的路由器體系結構上的區別, 從而把通用操作系統及其上層路由軟體移植到交換式路由器
的平台上; 同時兼顧數據通信和管理維護方面的需求, 為上層路由軟體提供了與傳統路由器相同的介面, 從而使
基於通用操作系統的路由軟體可以在不損失可升級性的條件下快速移植到交換式路由器上。實際應用證實了該
方案具有良好的靈活性和兼容性。
關鍵詞: 交換式路由器; 通用操作系統; 路由器操作系統
中圖分類號: TN 915105; TP393 文獻標識碼:A
基金項目: 國家863 計劃(8632317201299) 資助項目
收稿日期: 2003203229; 修訂日期: 2003206215
Switch Router Operating System Based on
a General Operating System
PA N D eng , X U P ei2x ia
(Department of Elect ronic Engineering and Info rmat ion Science,
U niversity of Science and Techno logy of Ch ina, Hefei, 230027,Ch ina)
Abstract: A new so lu t ion to po rt general operat ing system s and their rou t ing sof tw are to
sw itch rou ter is p resen ted. The so lu t ion sh ields the arch itectu re difference betw een t radit ional
rou ter and sw itch rou ter to app licat ion level sof tw are, thu s it may suppo rt general operat ing
system and their rou t ing sof tw are on sw itch rou ter p latfo rm. The so lu t ion is also con sidered as
requ iremen t s of bo th data commun icat ion and con t ro l funct ion s. A nd same w ays of the access
and con t ro l of the rou ter are p rovied as t radit ional rou ter, so rou t ing sof tw are of the general
operat ing system may be po rted to sw itch rou ter p latfo rm rap idly w ith the upgradeab le
f lex ib ility. P ract ical design app roves that the so lu t ion has a good compat ib ility and f lex ib ility.
Key words: sw itch rou ter; general operat ing system; rou ter operat ing system
引 言
路由器最重要的工作是根據IP 包頭和路由、
過濾規則轉發IP 包。其他功能還包括路由表的維
護與路由器系統的維護。實際上路由器可以看成是
一種針對IP 網路路由需求而設計的專用計算機。
隨著網際網路所承載的業務的演進, 網際網路對於路由
器性能的要求也日漸提高。在交換式路由器中, 包
轉發等絕大多數處理已經轉移到以埠為中心的
硬體中完成, 只有路由規則的生成與維護、網路管
理和系統維護等比較復雜的工作仍由軟體部分完
成。
實用中路由器所採用的操作系統可分為三大
類: (1) 以Cisco 的IO S 為代表的專用操作系統, 常
見於網路骨幹節點; (2) 以V xWo rk s 為代表的嵌
入式系統, 常見於小型辦公ö家用接入設備上; (3)
採用通用操作系統的則在骨幹節點和用戶接入設
備上都有這類設備。例如Jun iper 的路由產品就采
用L inux 作為操作系統。通用操作系統上的各種路
由、網管軟體的開發已經有相當長時間, 其功能、性
能、穩定性和升級靈活性都很優秀, 但這些軟體仍
第18卷第4期
2003 年12 月
數據採集與處理
Journal of Data A cquisit ion & P rocessing
Vo l. 18 No. 4
Dec. 2003
然是針對傳統路由器體系結構開發的, 無法直接應
用於新的路由器體系結構。本文提出在通用操作系
統的驅動棧中插入一個中間層, 這樣對系統內核及
和運行在其上的路由、網管等上層軟體屏蔽了下層
硬體的特殊性, 從而把上層軟體和高速硬體平台結
合起來。該方案已經應用於高速邊緣路由器中, 並
表現出了良好的實用性和可擴展性。
1 交換式路由器與傳統路由器在體
系結構上的差別
路由器工作在網路的第三層, 其處理工作主要
涵蓋七層模型中的下三層, 包括: 物理介面處理、數
據鏈路層處理、網路層的路由查找、轉發以及隊列
管理等[1 ]。在傳統的路由器體系結構中, 硬體部分
只實現物理層的處理, 其餘工作需要消耗系統計算
資源完成: 包括CPU 周期、內存容量和匯流排帶寬
等, 因此性能也受限於這些資源。而在交換式路由
器中, 路由處理機僅處理系統維護、路由表維護等
少量工作, 數據流的處理都由相對獨立的硬體完
成, 不再受限於系統計算資源, 因此其性能遠優於
傳統路由器[2 ]。如圖1 所示。
(a) 傳統路由器體系結構
(b) 交換式路由器體系結構
圖1 路由器的邏輯結構
傳統路由器和交換式路由器在體系結構方面
有明顯的區別: 在傳統路由器中, 所有的物理介面
直接掛接在匯流排上, 內核可以通過匯流排直接訪問這
些介面; 而在交換式路由器中, 只有控制卡是直接
掛接在匯流排上的, 內核必須通過控制卡間接訪問各
個介面。這導致操作系統內核中代表網路介面的驅
動對象的區別: 在傳統路由器中, 內核存在若干網
絡設備驅動對象實例, 每個實例通過匯流排直接維護
一個埠, 為內核及其上面的上層軟體提供基本操
作支持。而在交換式路由器中, 普通的網路設備驅
動對象無法直接維護埠, 也無法支持系統內核和
上層軟體操作。因此, 交換式路由器體系結構的特
殊性使得通用操作系統和上層軟體無法直接應用。
針對這個問題有兩種解決辦法: (1) 大量修改內核
和各種相關軟體的源代碼以適應新的體系結構。這
種做法存在開發工作量大、周期長、局限性強的缺
點, 喪失了使用通用操作系統的靈活性; (2) 在驅動
棧中增加一個中間層, 支持普通網路驅動對象所能
支持的一切操作, 這樣系統內核和上層軟體基本上
不必修改就可以運行在交換式路由器上。這就是本
文所提出的中間層方案。這種方案克服了第一種方
法的復雜性, 在保持靈活性的基礎上, 可以快速地
把通用操作系統及上層軟體移植到交換式路由器
的硬體平台上。
2 中間層設計
中間層功能包括數據通信和控制兩個方面。從
數據通信方面考慮, 每個埠的功能都等效於傳統
路由器中的一個網路介面, 所以每個物理埠在內
核中都應有對應的網路驅動實例。這樣才能支持各
種上層軟體運行, 滿足數據通信功能的需要。
從控制功能方面考慮, 對上要把每一種可能的
邏輯操作映射成硬體操作; 對下要能夠和多個設備
通信。上層應用包括系統維護、路由軟體、網管軟
件; 下層設備包括處理引擎和埠。控制功能的具
體實現和硬體平台有關。考慮到多種應用可能同時
操作一個硬體設備, 一種應用也可能同時操作多個
設備, 在實現時必須考慮到對於多並發操作的支
持。
基於上述考慮, 中間層由控制卡驅動模塊和若
干網路驅動實例組成。在圖2 (a, b) 中分別給出了
傳統路由器的結構與驅動方式以及本文所提出的
中間層所處的位置與驅動方式。
第4 期潘 登, 等: 一種基於通用操作系統的交換式路由器操作系統實現451
圖2 中間層的位置與驅動方式
控制卡驅動模塊作為中間層的核心, 維護控制
卡上所有的埠、內存映射、中斷和循環緩沖隊列
資源。它實現了數據通道和控制通道。對下直接驅
動控制卡、與各個埠、處理引擎通信; 對上, 一方
面通過內核調用陷阱方式提供控制通道介面; 另一
方面向虛擬網路驅動實例提供數據通道介面。虛擬
網路驅動實例在操作系統內核為各個物理埠實
現網路驅動實例。它們工作在控制卡驅動模塊的基
礎上, 並不直接控制硬體, 故稱為虛擬網路驅動實
例。虛擬網路驅動實例封裝控制卡驅動模塊提供的
數據傳輸功能, 並為內核和上層軟體提供與普通網
絡驅動實例相同的調用介面。下面分別給出數據通
道和控制通道的實現方案。
211 數據通道的功能與實現
虛擬網路驅動實例和物理埠是一一對應的。
內核數據收發的功能包括3 個方面:
(1) 發往某虛擬網路驅動實例的數據包應該由
其對應埠輸出;
(2) 這個埠所收到的包也通過該虛擬網路驅
動實例向系統內核提交;
(3) 中間層也可以對虛擬網路驅動實例進行流
控操作, 以避免因擁塞導致數據丟失。
注意到圖2 (b) 中的交換結構以定長信元交換
數據, 其格式如圖3 所示, 其中信元頭佔4 位元組, 包
括處理引擎號和埠號域。對於收ö發信元, 處理引
擎號和埠號分別為該信元的源埠的和目的端
口的對應值。
根據圖2 (b) 所示的系統結構可知: 由處理引
擎號和埠號可以確定埠的物理位置。控制卡驅
動模塊在其內部的驅動信息數組中維護虛擬網路
驅動實例和埠之間的對應關系。
圖3 數據信元結構
發送數據時, 虛擬網路驅動實例從內核網路部
分獲取待發送的數據, 偕同指向該實例自己的指針
一起提交給控制卡驅動模塊。一方面, 控制卡驅動
模塊通過這個指針可以對虛擬網路驅動實例進行
流控設置; 另一方面, 控制卡驅動模塊根據虛擬網
絡驅動實例指針查驅動信息表得到目標埠物理
位置信息, 包括處理引擎號和埠號。埠物理位
置信息將被填充到所有用來承載待發送數據包的
信元頭中。控制卡驅動模塊通過控制卡把信元送到
交換結構, 而交換結構和處理引擎分別根據處理引
擎號和埠號將信元轉發到到目標埠。最後埠
從接收到的信元中恢復出原始數據發出。
接收數據時, 埠也會將數據拆分到若干信元
中逐級上傳。考慮到交換結構的循環優先機制, 一
個數據包上傳的過程可能被來自其他埠的數據
搶斷。所以控制卡驅動模塊對於接收到的信元按源
埠位置信息(包括處理引擎號和埠號) 保存到
不同的緩沖區中。當接收到該數據包相關的全部信
元, 控制驅動模塊即可重組該數據, 並根據源埠
位置信息查驅動信息表以得到指向該埠對應虛
擬網路驅動實例的指針, 進而激活該虛擬網路驅動
實例接收數據。虛擬網路驅動實例從控制卡驅動模
塊中獲取數據後, 按照網路驅動的常規方式調用
net if- rx 介面向內核提交數據。數據收發實現結構
如圖4 所示。
值得注意的是, 在交換式路由器中, 處理引擎
通過交換結構交換的是IP 包; 而通用操作系統中
452 數據採集與處理第18 卷
圖4 數據收發實現結構
網路驅動通常處理鏈路層的幀。即控制卡驅動模塊
數據通道對上對下的數據格式是不同的。因此, 在
發送數據時控制卡驅動模塊需要從得到的鏈路幀
中提取IP 包再轉發到埠; 而接收數據時則對來
自埠的IP 包進行鏈路幀封裝再向上提交。以以
太網為例, 需要恢復的包括源和目標站的物理地
址、載荷類型和幀校驗[3 ]。對於承載IP 包的以太
幀, 顯然其目標站物理地址和載荷類型[4 ]都是已知
的。實現時採用的操作系統是L inux, 通過在虛擬
網路驅動源代碼中進行設置可以使內核不進行幀
校驗[5 ]。所以只有源站物理地址未知。如果要求硬
件給出真實的源站物理地址, 則增加了硬體的復雜
度; 而若在控制卡驅動模塊中偽造源物理地址, 則
可能導致內核的ARP 管理混亂。為簡化硬體設
計, 實現時採用了在控制卡驅動模塊中偽造源物理
地址的辦法, 同時修改虛擬網路驅動源代碼, 重載
幀頭處理函數[6 ]。這樣內核ARP 表就不受偽造地
址的影響, 其獲取和刷新通過查詢埠ARP 記錄
實現。
212 控制通道的功能與實現
控制功能的通信也是基於信元的, 其操作包括
維護管理和表同步兩類。維護管理主要是進行各種
查詢, 通常通過若干次雙向通信完成。每次通信有
效載荷都只有幾個位元組, 由一個信元即可承載。而
表同步則是將上層軟體維護的表復制到相關硬體
中, 包括ARP 表、路由和分類表等。表同步操作涉
及大量數據傳輸, 需要由多個信元承載。控制功能
都是針對設備進行的, 所以在控制ö反饋信元中也
必須包括目標設備的物理位置信息。
在實際運行期間, 所有的上層應用和設備之間
的控制通信復用控制通道, 其特點為:
(1) 不同的應用可能同時訪問同一設備;
(2) 一個應用也可能同時訪問多個設備;
(3) 同一應用對於同一個設備的操作一般都是
順序的。
為支持這種復用操作, 所有承載控制信息和反
饋信息的頭部除包括目標硬體的物理位置和操作
指令外, 還包括命令類型、應用類型信息。控制ö反
饋用信元結構如圖5 所示。
圖5 控制ö反饋信元結構
圖5 中: 處理引擎號和埠號, 確定設備的物
理位置; 收ö發信元分別為該信元的源埠的和目
的埠的對應值; 命令碼在設備和應用之間定義。
每種可能的操作分配一個代碼; 應用碼在控制卡驅
動模塊和上層應用之間預定義。每種可能的應用分
配一個代碼。這些應用包含網管、路由維護、硬體維
護和ARP 信息獲取等。
上層應用通過內核調用陷井( IOCTL ) 發起控
制通道操作, 同時給出目標設備物理位置、命令類
型代碼和應用類型代碼。控制卡驅動模塊把這些信
息填充到控制信元中再將其發往設備。設備把這些
代碼直接復制到反饋信元中, 再在後面追加上反饋
信息。控制卡驅動模塊為每一種應用分配一個循環
緩沖區, 把收到的反饋根據應用類型排入相應隊列
中。上層應用從其所對應的循環緩沖區中讀取反饋
信元, 然後根據信元中的物理位置信息、命令碼就
可以確定該反饋對應的原始命令, 從而對反饋數據
進行適當處理。這樣就實現了各種控制功能對控制
通道的復用。如圖6 所示。
第4 期潘 登, 等: 一種基於通用操作系統的交換式路由器操作系統實現453
圖6 控制通信實現結構
3 結 論
鑒於傳統路由器體系結構和交換式路由器體
系結構的區別, 通用操作系統及在其上開發的路由
軟體無法直接應用於交換式路由器。本文提出的中
間層方案可以有效地解決這個問題。該方案全面考
慮了數據通信和管理維護方面的需求, 為上層提供
了與原有模型基本相同的介面, 並使得路由軟體在
不損失其靈活性和可升級性的條件下直接應用於
交換式路由器中。雖然該方案只是在特定的平台和
特定的操作系統上得到了實現, 但是不難看出, 這
種思路對操作系統並沒有特殊的依賴性, 完全可以
移植到其他通用操作系統上。本文提出的方案已經
在國家863 項目實用化綜合接入系統的高速邊緣
路由器的研製中取得了良好的實際效果。本文為國
產高性能路由器的軟體開發提出了一種高效快捷
的解決方案, 該方案具有良好的應用前景。
參考文獻:
[1 ] Kuro se J F, Ro ss KW. Computer netwo rk ing: a top2
dow n app roach featuring the internet [M ]. A ddison
W esley Longman′s P ress, 2001. 332～ 341.
[ 2 ] 梁阿磊, 等. 路由器體系結構及其發展[J ]. 小型微型
計算機系統, 2001, 8: 943～ 945.
[3 ] M edia access cont ro l frame st ructure [S ]. IEEE Std
80213, 1998. 36～ 40.
[ 4 ] Charles Ho rnig. RFC 894: a standard fo r the t rans2
m ission of IP datagram s over Ethernet netwo rk s[S ].
198411～ 2.
[5 ] Bovet D P. U nderstanding L inux kernel[M ]. O reil2
ley P ress, 2002. 683～ 685
[ 6 ] Rubini A. L inux device drivers. 2nd edit ion [M ].
O r2eilley P ress, 2001. 455～ 458
作者簡介: 潘 登(19772) , 男, 博士研究生, 研究方向: 網路
體系結構、網路安全, E2mail: pandeng@mail. ustc. e. cn;
徐佩霞(19412) , 女, 教授, 博士生導師, 研究方向: 音頻視頻
編碼、非線性處理、下一代網路。
454 數據採集與處理第18 卷
⑸ 互聯網生活英語作文 英語作文《網路改變我們的生活》
With the widespread of Inter, people seem to depend on it greatly. Since we have Inter, our life changes a lot. Each day, we can get information of other countries or places of the updated information. We can share our experiences with others, enjoy a lot of good things and learn much knowledge from Inter.
隨著網路的普及，人們已經對它產生了很大的依賴性。自從有了網路，我們的生活也變得與眾不同。每天，我們都可以通過網路來獲得一些其他國家或地方的信息。我們也可以與他人分享我們毀攔灶的經歷，享受美好的東西以及從網路獲取知識。
Firstly, we can obtain knowledge from Inter. There are numerous web sites contains different knowledge relating to skills or theories. If we want to learn certain things, the entire thing we have to do is to click mouse and then we will get the information we want. Beside, lots of people put lots of short video on Inter to teach others.
第一我們可以從網路中獲得知識。有很多的網站都包含了很多的技能或者理論知識。如果我們想要纖扮學習一些東西的話，那麼我們只需要點擊一下滑鼠就可以得到我們想要的信息了。另外，很多人都會在網路上上傳視頻來教別人學習。
Secondly, by Inter, we can contact anyone we want. Inter offers us a passage to contact with others by some applications. The only thing we need to do is to download some soft wares and install them so that we can contact with our families or friends. Besides, we can use many free resources by checking the Inter.
第二，我們尅通過網路聯系任何我們想要聯系的人。網路給我們提供了一個可以通過軟體跟其他人交流的方式。我們只需要去下載一些相關的軟體和信息， 然後安裝上這些攝像頭。另外，網路上許多的軟體都是免費資源。
All in all, Inter gives us a platform to learn knowledge and contact others. We are benefit a lot from the Inter.
總之，網路給我們提供了一個可以學習知識和聯系他衡御人的平台。我們因此獲益良多。
With the development of the science and technology,the puter has been becoing the necessity for people in the 21st Century.Following,neork is of close link with our life,bringing us inparable convenience on our life and work.
Through the neork,we can search for useful datas and get to know the current events.When you play puter games after a long-time work,it can relieve your pressure and make you feel relaxed.Besides,playing online games is not all bad,for it can fulfil students' entertaining requests as well as practise their response ability.
However,there still exists some disadvantages in the neork.The radiation from the puter will do harm to people's health if you keep on watching the puter for a long time.And short sight may caused by it for your eyes stay tense.At present,there are too many games on the Inter,but some of them are not of good quality even contain some unhealthy content like violence and so on.Duo to the lack of recognizing society and self-protection awareness,some students get addicted in the games and online dating.
In fact,neork is not that horrible,as long as we know more about it,it will bee our right hand on our studies.Let's build a clean neork world together.
隨著科技的發展,電腦在二十一世紀成了人們必要的用品.隨之而來,網路與我們的生活息息相關,給現代人的生活、工作帶來了無與倫比的方便.
通過網路,我們能查尋有用的資料,了解時事動態等等.當你工作了很長時間後去玩電腦游戲,可以減緩你的精神壓力,放鬆你的心情.並且,上網玩游戲也不完全是壞事,因為學生玩游戲可以鍛煉手、腦的反應能力,滿足學生娛樂需要.
但是網路也有弊.長時間的看電腦,電腦發出的輻射對人體有很大的害處.眼睛長期處於緊張狀態容易造成近視.現在的電腦游戲眾多,某些電腦游戲粗製濫造,甚至含有暴力等不健康內容.有的孩子由於對社會認識不足和自我保護意識缺乏,沉迷網路游戲,網路交友.
其實網路並不可怕,只要我們面對網路時多一些認識,網路就會成為我們學習上的有利助手.讓我們一起創個干凈的網路世界吧 !
Some people believe that the Inter has a positive impact on students by providing a variety of resources for their studies. However, I strongly disagree with that claim since inter brings some negative effects on students such as inter addicts and the reliance too much on inter with homework.
First, many students are being addicted to the Inter. They spend more and more time on playing puter games or just surfing the without any particular reasons. Accordingly, the time they spend on studying is automatically rece, which in turns causes the lower academic achievement. Moreover, some of them go to the extreme, being serious inter addicts, and they even refuse to go to school as they cannot escape from the trap of inter.
Second, inter hinders students from doing their homework or assigned task by their own. Thanks to inter, students can obtain the information they need with a great ease by simply clicking the button. However, this great accessibility to any kind of information can be abused. For instance, when students are given an assignment, what many of them do is just go on the websites or the blogs where the seemingly needed information is posted, and drag, and paste it without looking the material thoroughly later. Some students even just download the material which someone else has already done and submit it as if it were their work.
It is clear that inter has serious detrimental effects on students. For one thing, students are so vulnerable to being addicted to inter. Additionally, they do their homework not with their own efforts but with the entire dependence on inter resources. Thus, young students should use inter with great cautions to prevent any harmful effects.
原創嗎
yes of course
可以先構思，我大致用母語給你說一下，自己在思考用英語怎麼寫，作文最好還是自己思考自己寫，才能有所提高。不可否認，互聯網的迅速發展，給社會帶來了巨大的進步，大大提高了資源信息的共享程度。但是，任何東西都是雙刃劍，有利必有弊。互聯網也滋生了網路犯罪，各種新型詐騙層出不窮。所以關鍵還是在我們怎麼去使用。
互聯網 The Inter
In the technology society, the Inter has bee an important part in daily life. There area growing number of peopleinterested in the Inter. People can study, entertain, and watch the news on the Inter. For our students, we are able to get the latest information and learning materials in the Inter. Besides, we can join group discussions with other students, and the distance ecation on the Inter is very useful to us. Except for study, students can have fun on the Inter, such as watching movies, listening to the music and getting news. It helps us to broaden our horizons. But, we should control ourselves and can not spend too much on searching the Inter.
在科技社會中，互聯網已經成為日常生活中的重要部分。越來越多的人對互聯網感興趣。人們可以在互聯網上學習，娛樂，看新聞。對我們學生來說，我們可以在網上獲取最新信息和學習材料。此外，我們可以與其他同學加入討論組，而且網上遠程 教育對我們很有用。除了學習之外，學生可以在互聯網上娛樂，比如看電影，聽音樂以及獲取新聞等等。它可以幫助我們開闊視野。但是，我們應該控制自己，不能花太多時間上網。
這個The Inter is being more and more important in our daily life. On the , we can learn news both at home and abroad and all kinds of other information as well. We can also send messages by e-mail, make phone calls, go to school, read different kinds of books and learn foreign languages by ourselves. Besides, we can enjoy music, watch sports matches and play chess or cards. On the , we can even do shopping, have a chat with others and make friends with them. In a word, the Inter has made our life more colourful.
參考範文：
In my opinion，the Inter is helpful rather than harmful as someone else thinks. As is known to all，the Inter is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. On the Inter，we can read news at home and from abroad and get as much information as we can. We can send e - mails or make phone calls to our family as well as to our friends. We can also attend the school，read many books and even teach ourselves English. We can also enjoy music，watch matches and play puter games on the Inter. We can even do shopping on line. Besides，we can improve our ability to operate the puter.
But we should not be given to the Inter，or we'll get our life and study destroyed. Besides，we should keep off the harmful websites. Anyhow，this doesn't prevent the Inter being our friend. We can't throw away the apple because of the core，can we？
不能自己寫嗎？這個我已經有了。不咋地。不能用點英語技巧嗎。寫寫好不啦
等一會兒
互聯網與我們的生活The Inter and Our Life
The Inter and Our Life
網路與我們的生活
We know the Inter is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
互聯網在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用。
On the Inter, we can get as much information as we can. We can send e-mails to our friends and talk to them as well. Besides, on the Inter we can read books, enjoy music and watch ball games. We can also do shopping without leaving our homes. But many students spend too much time playing Inter games. They waste a lot of time.
在互聯網上，我們可以得到盡可能多的信息。我們可以發送電子郵件給我們的朋友，就像跟他們聊天一樣。此外，我們可以在網上看書，聽音樂和看球賽。我們也可以不離開自己的家購物。但許多學生花太多時間玩網路游戲。他們浪費了很多時間。
We must make good use of the Inter.
我們必須好好利用網路
互聯網的使用My View on the Inter
Alongwith the fast development of advanced science and technology, the Inter ha *** een an essential part in people』s lives. However, as to whether it is ablessing or a curse, people take different opinions towards it with thewidespread use of the Inter.
隨著先進科學技術的飛速發展，互聯網在人們的生活中已經是不可缺少的一部分了。然而，這到底是福還是禍呢，隨著互聯網的廣泛使用不同的人持有不同的看法。
Onone hand, those who have already benefited from its practicing sing highly ofit. They claim that the Inter has improved their efficiency in study andwork a lot. They can search the resources they need on the Inter and thereis no need to go out to examine on the spot each time. In addition, the Intercontributes a lot to long-distance munication and interaction, and thatsaves more time for their study and business.
一方面，那些已經受益於互聯網的人高度贊揚它。他們聲稱互聯網提高了他們學習和工作的效率。他們可以在網上搜索他們需要的資源，而不需要每次都去現場檢查。此外，互聯網有助於遠程通信的互動，並為學習和工作節省更多的時間。
However,every coin has o sides. There are a number of people argue that using the Interhas given rise many problems to their lives, and let me cite student as anexample. For one thing, the matters on the Inter are so various anddisordered that students are easy to be attracted by other matters which is notgood for them. And that will waste much time and even bring harm to them. Foranother, all kinds of neork games are a great lure and harm to students.Those who are addicted to neork games are easy to be lured away from theirstudies.
然而，每個硬幣都有兩面。有一些人認為，互聯網的使用對他們的生活產生了許多問題，讓我以學生為例。一方面，互聯網上的事情是如此廣泛和無序，學生們很容易被其他一些對他們沒有好處的東西吸引。這將浪費很多時間，甚至給他們帶來危害。另一方面，各種網路游戲給學生有很大的誘惑力和傷害。那些沉迷於網路游戲的人很容易被誘惑而不學習。
Fromwhat has been discussed above, I am inclined to support the former view becauseI convince that the advantages of the inter far weigh the disadvantages.Meanwhile, I also advocate that we should avoid its disadvantages as much aspossible as well as use it in the right way.
通過以上討論，我傾向於支持前一種觀點，因為我相信互聯網的優勢遠遠大於缺點。同時，我也認為我們應該盡量避免它的弊端，以正確的方式來使用它。
轉載請註明出處作文大全網 » 互聯網生活英語作文 英語作文《網路改變我們的生活》
⑹ 高中生英語演講關於電腦或者網路的（在線等）3分鍾
A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions.
Although mechanical examples of computers have existed through much of recorded human history, the first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). These were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Simple computers are small enough to fit into a wristwatch, and can be powered by a watch battery. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "computers". The embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from toys to instrial robots are however the most numerous.
The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile, distinguishing them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore computers ranging from a mobile phone to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks, given enough time and storage capacity.
Programming languages provide various ways of specifying programs for computers to run. Unlike natural languages, programming languages are designed to permit no ambiguity and to be concise. They are purely written languages and are often difficult to read aloud. They are generally either translated into machine code by a compiler or an assembler before being run, or translated directly at run time by an interpreter. Sometimes programs are executed by a hybrid method of the two techniques. There are thousands of different programming languages—some intended to be general purpose, others useful only for highly specialized applications.
Computers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations since the 1950s. The U.S. military's SAGE system was the first large-scale example of such a system, which led to a number of special-purpose commercial systems like Sabre.
In the 1970s, computer engineers at research institutions throughout the United States began to link their computers together using telecommunications technology. This effort was funded by ARPA (now DARPA), and the computer network that it proced was called the ARPANET. The technologies that made the Arpanet possible spread and evolved.
In time, the network spread beyond academic and military institutions and became known as the Internet. The emergence of networking involved a redefinition of the nature and boundaries of the computer. Computer operating systems and applications were modified to include the ability to define and access the resources of other computers on the network, such as peripheral devices, stored information, and the like, as extensions of the resources of an indivial computer. Initially these facilities were available primarily to people working in high-tech environments, but in the 1990s the spread of applications like e-mail and the World Wide Web, combined with the development of cheap, fast networking technologies like Ethernet and ADSL saw computer networking become almost ubiquitous. In fact, the number of computers that are networked is growing phenomenally. A very large proportion of personal computers regularly connect to the Internet to communicate and receive information. "Wireless" networking, often utilizing mobile phone networks, has meant networking is becoming increasingly ubiquitous even in mobile computing environments.
The need for computers to work well together and to be able to exchange information has spawned the need for many standards organizations, clubs and societies of both a formal and informal nature.
電腦是一台操縱根據指令集的數據。
雖然電腦機械事例，通過記錄的人類歷史上存在很多，首先開發了電腦在20世紀中期（1940年至45年）。這是一個大房間的大小，功耗一樣，數百現代（PC）的個人電腦。關於集成電路的現代計算機的倍比早期的機器能夠十億百萬美元，占據空間小部分。簡單的電腦足夠小，能夠裝到手錶，並且可以通過手錶電池供電。在各種形式的個人電腦是信息時代的圖標，並且大多數人認為是「電腦」。在嵌入式設備中發現的許多MP3播放器到戰斗機，從玩具到工業機器人的電腦但最多。
能夠存儲並執行指令的列表稱為程序使電腦非常多才多藝，他們的區別計算器。教會-圖靈論題是這種多功能性的數學聲明：任何一個有某些最低限度的能力的電腦上，原則上執行相同的任務，任何其他電腦可以執行的能力。因此，從電腦手機到超級電腦都能夠完成同樣的計算任務，足夠的時間和存儲容量。
編程語言提供了指定的電腦程序運行的各種方法。與自然語言，編程語言的目的是不允許任何含糊和精簡。它們是純粹的語言文字，而且往往難以朗讀。他們一般都翻譯成機器代碼編譯器或匯編程序運行之前，或翻譯，直接在運行時由一名翻譯的時間。有時候程序執行的是兩種方法混合方法。有許多不同的編程語言成千上萬的一些擬通用，其他人只需要高度專業化的應用非常有用。
電腦被用來協調20世紀50年代以來，在多個地點的資料。美國軍方的SAGE系統是第一個大規模實施這些制度，這導致了特殊用途的軍刀等商業系統的數量規模的例子。
在20世紀70年代，在研究機構的電腦工程師在美國開始他們的計算機連接在一起使用電信技術。這一努力是ARPA的資助（現在DARPA）的，以及計算機網路，它被稱為產生了ARPANET。該技術取得了ARPANET可能擴散和演變。
隨著時間的推移，以後的學術和軍事機構網路化，成為稱為電腦互聯網。網路的出現，涉及的性質和計算機邊界的重新定義。計算機操作系統和應用程序進行了修改，包括能夠定義和訪問網路上的資源，如其他計算機外圍設備，存儲的信息，等等，為擴展名的個人電腦上的資源。開始時，這些設施主要是人們可以在高科技環境中工作，但在20世紀90年代申請的蔓延，如電子郵件和萬維網，與發展經濟結合起來，如乙太網和ADSL網路技術的快速看到電腦聯網變得幾乎無處不在。事實上，該是聯網的計算機數量正在飄洋過海。個人電腦的一個非常大的比例，定期連接到互聯網來進行交流和接收信息。 「無線」網路，往往利用行動電話網路，意味著網路正在成為即使在移動計算環境日益普及。
對於電腦需要很好地協同工作，並能夠交換信息促成了許多標准組織，俱樂部和雙方正式和非正式性的社會需要。
⑺ 網路給我們帶來的方便英語作文
很高興第一時間為您解答，祝學習進步。如有問題請及時追問，謝謝~~O(∩_∩)O
Nowadays, the Internet has become very common in our daily life, in that we can surf the Internet everywhere anywhere by computer or mobile.However, the debate on the pros and cons of the network has never stopped.Some people say that the network is a platform for information sharing. Due to it, we have a convenient channel for the dissemination of information and access to information.But some others argue that some people commit a crime by the Internet, so we should stay away from the Internet.From my point of view, I prefer to agree to the former view.
現在，網路在我們的生活中已經很普通了，我們可以隨時隨地地利用電腦和手機上網。但是，關於網路的利弊的爭論從來沒有停止過。有的人說網路是分享信息的平台，有了網路，我們就有了傳播信息和獲取信息的渠道。但是，另外一部分人卻說有的人會通過網路犯罪，我們應該遠離網路。至於我個人的意見，我同意前者的觀點。
There are some reasons accounting for my point.Firstly, with network, we can exchange information frequently and conveniently.In the information area, information is wealth.In many cases, whether we can succeed in something, it depends on how much information we get.In addition, except for its serious functions, network is a good tool to entertain.Preciously, we only have TV or game machines to have fun, but now we have a functional platform for fun.On the Internet, we can watch TV programs and movies, or we can play online games as well as chat with friends freely, which is a good way to relax.
以下的原因可以支撐我的觀點。首先，有了網路，人們可以頻繁、便利地交換信息。在信息時代，信息就是財富。在很多時候，我們是否能做成一件事，很大程度上取決於我們獲取的信息的多少。此外，除了這樣稍顯嚴肅的功能之外，網路也是娛樂的好方式。以前，我們只有電視或游戲機可以娛樂，但有了網路，就有了一個多功能的娛樂平台。我們可以再網上看電視節目、電影，或者玩網路游戲，也可以自由地和朋友聊天，這是一種很好的放鬆的方式。
In short, there is no denying that the Internet has its own disadvantage, but I think its advantages far overweight its disadvantages that we can make good use of those good but avoid those bad.
簡單來說，無可否認地，網路有它的缺點，但我認為網路的優點遠遠大於其缺點，我們應該利用好網路好的方面而避免其帶來的負面影響。