A. 急求計算機網路方面的中英文對照
計算機網路-區域網(中英文對照)[1]
http://www.ecity.cn 作者:IT英語 來源:學賽網 2008年3月13日 發表評論 進入社區
Local area data networks,normally referred to simply as local area networks or LANs,are used to interconnect distributed communities of computer-based DTEs located within a single building or localized group of buildings.For example,a LAN may be used to interconnect workstations distributed around offices within a single building or a group of buildings such as a university campus.Alternatively,it may be used to interconnect computer-based equipment distributed around a factory or hospital complex[1].Since all the equipment is located within a single establishment,however,LANs are normally installed and maintained by the organization.Hence they are also referred to as private data networks.
The main difference between a communication path established using a LAN and a connection made through a public data network is that a LAN normally offers much higher data transmission rates because of the relatively short physical separations involved[2].In the context of the ISO Reference Model for OSI,however,this difference manifests itself only at the lower network dependent layers.In many instances the higher protocol layers in the reference model are the same for both types of network.
Before describing the structure and operation of the different types of LAN,it is perhaps helpful to first identify some of the selection issues that must be considered.A summary of some of the these issues is given in Fig. 14-5.It should be stressed that this is only a summary;there are also many possible links between the tips of the branches associated with the figure[3].
1.Topology
Most wide area networks,such as the PSTN,use a mesh(sometimes referred to as a network)topology.With LANs,however,the limited physical separation of the subscriber DTEs allows simpler topologies to be used.The four topologies in common use are star,bus,ring and hub.
The most widespread topology for LANs designed to function as data communication subnetworks for the interconnection of local computer-based equipment is the hub topology, which is a variation of the bus and ring[4].This is shown in Fig. 14-6,sometimes it is called hub/tree topology.
2.Transmission media
Twisted pair,coaxial cable and optical fiber are the three main types of transmission medium used for LANs.
3.Medium access control methods
Two techniques have been adopted for use of the medium access control in the LANs.They are carrier-sense-multiple-access with collision detection(CSMA/CD),for bus network topologies,and control token,for use with either bus or ring networks[5].
CSMA / CD is used to control multiple-access networks.Each on the network「listens」 before attempting to send a message,waiting for the「traffic」to clear[6].If two stations try to send their messages at exactly the same time,a「collision」is detected,an both stations are required to「step back」and try later.
Control token is another way of controlling access to a shared transmission medium that is by the use of a control(pertnission)token.This token is passed from one DTE to another according to a defined set of rules understood and adhered to by all DTEs connected to the medium.A DTE may only transmit a frame when it is in possession of the token and,after it has transmined the frame,it passes the token on to allow another DTE to access the tranamission medium.
NOTES
[1] computer-based是指由計算機控制的,或裝有微處理器的。
[2] that引出表語從句。
[3] 是指區域網的問題之間有很多聯系,如匯流排拓撲結構可以採用雙絞線、同軸電纜和光纖這些傳輸媒體等。
[4] 很少文獻資料提出「集線」拓撲,一般都歸並為星形拓撲之列。
[5] CSMA / CD訪問控制方式,由於集線器和雙絞線的使用,它也用於星形拓撲結構;令牌控制方式用於匯流排拓撲結構時指令牌匯流排網(token bus network)。
[6] traffic:通信量,話務量,clear在通信中為「清0」,拆線,此處指網上通信量為0。
KEYWORDS
Local Area Network(LAN) 區域網
private data network 專用數據網
topology 拓撲
Public Switched Telephone Network(PSTN) 公用電話交換網
hub 集線器
transmission media 傳輸媒體
Shielded Twisted Pair(STP) 屏蔽雙絞線
Unshielded Twisted pair(UTP) 非屏蔽雙絞線
coaxial cable 同軸電纜
baseband 基帶
broadband 寬頻
optical fiber 光纖
Carrier-Sense-Multiple-Access/Collision Detection(CSMA/CD) 帶有檢測沖突的載波偵聽多路存取
Token 令牌
局域數據網一般簡稱為區域網,用於在一幢樓內或局限在樓群范圍內把分散的基於計算機數據終端設備互連在一起。例如,一個區域網可以把一幢樓里或像大學校園內各個樓里的各個辦公室的工作站連在一起。另外,區域網也可以把分布在工廠或醫院建築群中的計算機設備連在一起。由於所有這些設備都是一個單位的,因此區域網一般也由這個單位負責安裝和維護。於是這類區域網也叫做專用數據網。
用區域網方式建立的通信線路和通過公用數據網連接的線路兩者的主要區別在於:因為區域網連接的設備之間相對來說距離較近,因而數據傳輸速率高得多。但是在ISO的OSI參考模型中,這種區別只在較低的與網路相關的幾層比較明顯。而很多實例表明,在該參考模型高層協議中,這兩種網路是沒有區別的。
在敘述幾種不同類型的區域網的結構和工作之前先認識一下必須考慮的有關問題可能是很有幫助的。圖14-5概括了其中的某些問題。應該強調的是,這僅僅是一個概括,因為圖中各分支之間還可能有很多鏈路。
1.拓撲結構
大多數廣域網,如公共電話交換網(PSTN)就使用網狀(有時稱為網路)拓撲結構。而區域網,由於用戶數據終端設備相距很近,可採用簡單的拓撲結構。常用的有星形、匯流排、環形和集線器等4種拓撲結構。
應用最廣的、用於本地計算機設備互連以進行數據通信的區域網拓撲結構是集線器拓撲結構。這種拓撲結構是匯流排和環形拓撲結構的變種。圖14-6展示了為這種拓撲結構,有時也稱為集線器/樹形拓撲結構。
2.傳輸媒體
雙絞線、同軸電纜和光纖是區域網採用的3種主要傳輸媒體。
3.媒體訪問控制方法
區域網中採用了兩種媒體訪問控制技術。它們是用於匯流排網路拓撲結構的帶沖突檢測的載波偵聽多路存取(CSMACD)和既可用於匯流排又可用於環形網路的令牌控制技術。
CSMA/ CD用來控制多路存取網路網路上的每個站點在試圖發送信息前先「偵聽」,等待通路空閑。如果兩個站點在同一時刻要發送信息,將會檢測到沖突,這兩個站點必須各自「後退」一步,以後再重試。
令牌控制是另一種用令牌去控制訪問共享傳輸媒體的方法。該令牌按所有連入媒體的DTE都知道並遵守的一套確定的規則從一個DTE傳向另一個DTE。當某一DTE掌握這一令牌時,它才能傳送一幀數據,而在傳送完該幀之後,要將令牌釋放,以便其他DTE訪問該傳輸媒體。
B. 計算機網路(英文版第5版)的目錄
PREFACE
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 USES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
1.1.1 Business Applications
1.1.2 Home Applications
1.1.3 Mobile Users
1.1.4 Social Issues
1.2 NETWORK HARDWARE
1.2.1 Personal Area Networks
1.2.2 Local Area Networks
1.2.3 Metropolitan Area Networks
1.2.4 Wide Area Networks
1.2.5 Internetworks
1.3 NETWORK SOFI'WARE
1.3.1 Protocol Hierarchies
1.3.2 Design Issues for the Layers
1.3.3 Connection Oriented Versus Connectionless Service
1.3.4 Service Primitives
1.3.5 The Relationship of Services to Protocols
1.4 REFERENCE MODELS
1.4.1 The OSI Reference Model
1.4.2 The TCPfIP Reference Model
1.4.3 The Model Used in This Book
1.4.4 A Comparison of the OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models
1.4.5 A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols
1.4.6 A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model
1.5 EXAMPLE NETWORKS
1.5.1 The Internet
1.5.2 Third-Generation Mobile Phone Networks
1.5.3 Wireless LANs: 802.11
1.5.4 RFID and Sensor Networks
1.6 NETWORK STANDARDIZATION
1.6.1 Who's Who in the Telecommunications World
1.6.2 Who's Who in the International Standards World
1.6.3 Who's Who in the Internet Standards World
1.7 METRIC UNITS
1.8 OUTLINE OF THE REST OF THE BOOK
1.9 SUMMARY
2 THE PHYSICAL LAYER
2.1 THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR DATA COMMUNICATION
2.1.1 Fourier Analysis
2.1.2 Bandwidth-Limited Signals
2.1.3 The Maximum Data Rate of a Channel
2.2 GUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA
2.2.1 Magnetic Media
2.2.2 Twisted Pairs
2.2.3 Coaxial Cable
2.2.4 Power Lines
2.2.5 Fiber Optics
2.3 WIRELESS TRANSMISSION
2.3.1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
2.3.2 Radio Transmission
2.3.3 Microwave Transmission
2.3.4 Infrared Transmission
2.3.5 Light Transmission
……
3 THE DATA LINK LAYER
4 THE MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL SUBLAYER
5 THE NETWORK LAYER
6 THE TRANSPORT LAYER
7 THE APPLICATION LAYER
8 NETWORK SECURITY
9 READING LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
C. 「計算機網路」的英文翻譯
Internet 就是互聯網的意思,用它表示計算機網路最合適
D. 一段英文翻譯(計算機網路方面)
Note: bufer -> buffer
希望我的翻譯對你有幫助。
1. link bandwidth .The network has to decide how to apportion bandwidth between different flows,Network routers may also decide to prioritize certain types of packets(e.g. latencysensitive audio or interactive telnet packes) over others (e.g. electronic mail)
1. 鏈路帶寬。 該網路需要決定怎樣為不同流量分配帶寬,網路路由器也可以用來決定為某種類型的數據包(比如:延遲感應音頻或交互遠程登錄包)
提供在其他(如:電子郵件)之上優先權
2.Queue space .When the router decides that a packet has to be dropped because it is running out of queue space (also known as buffer space ),which packet should it drop?The arriving one?The earliest one?A random one ?And when should it decide to drop packets;only when the queue is full,or sooner than that? Waiting too long to before dropping packets only serves to increase packet delays,and it may be advantageous to drop occasional packets even when the queue isn't full.
2. 隊列空間。 當由路由器認為由於一個包運行在隊列空間(也稱作緩沖空間)之外而需要丟掉時,該丟哪個包呢? 即將到達的? 還是到達最早的那個? 還是隨機挑選一個? 什麼時候決定該丟掉它呢,是隊列滿了的時候,抑或是更早些時候?在丟包前等候太長時間只會增加包延遲,並且有利於隨機丟包甚至是隊列未滿的時候。
What happens if we don't manage network resources well? For one thing, the available bandwidth might end up being greatly under-utilized even when there is demand for it ,causing economic heartburn.Most often ,however,network designers end up provisioning for a certain amount of "expected " offered load,and then have to deal with overload,or congesion.
當我們不能夠很好的管理網路資源時,會發生什麼? 一方面,可用帶寬可能會不能得到充分利用即使在需要這個帶寬時,這會對經濟不利. 然而大多時候,網路設計者最終分配一定量的"預期"負載,接著需要做的就是處理過載或堵塞問題了。
E. 計算機網路技術常用英語縮寫
ACPI:Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 高級電源配置電源介面
AD:Active Directory 活動目錄
ATM:Asynchronous Transfer Mode 非同步傳輸模式
CA:Certificate Authority 認證授權
CSMA/CD:Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect 載波偵聽多波/沖突檢測
DDN:Digital Data Network 數字數據網路
DLC:Data Link Control 數據鏈接控制
DHCP:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 動態主機配置協議
DNS:Domain Name System(Service) 動態域名系統(服務)
EXP:
FAT:File Allocation Table 文件分配表
FTP:File Transfer Protocol 文件傳輸協議
GPF:General Protection Fault 一般保護錯
GC:Global Catalog 全局類目
GG:Global Group 全局組
GUI:Graphical User Interface 圖形用戶介面
HAL:Hardware Abstraction Layer 硬體抽象層
HCI:Human Computer Interaction 人機介面
HCL:Hardware Compatibility List 硬體兼容性列表
HDLC:High-level Data Link Control 高速數據鏈路協議
HTML:Hypertext Markup Language 超文本標記語言
HTTP:Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本傳輸協議
HTTP:Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol 安全超文本傳輸協議
I/O:Input/Output 輸入/輸出
ICMP:Internet Control Message Protocol 互聯網控制信息協議
ICP:Internet Commerce Provider 互聯網商業提供商
IGMP:Internet Group Management Protocol 互聯網組管理協議
IIS:Internet Information Server 互聯網信息伺服器
IMAP:Internet Message Access Protocol 互聯網信息訪問協議
IPX:Internetwork Packet Exchange 互連網包交換
IrDA:Infrared Data Association 紅外數據傳輸組織
IRDP:ICMP Router Discovery Protocol ICMP路由發現協議
ISAPI:Internet Server Application Program Interface 互聯網伺服器應用程序介面
ISP:Internet or Independent Service Provider 互聯網(獨立)服務提供商
IT:Information Technology 信息技術(我發現很多朋友認為IT是Internet Technology其實不對
L2TP:Layer Two Tunneling Protocol 第二曾通道協議
LAN:Local Area Nerwork 區域網
LCP:Link Control Protocol 鏈路控制協議
LLP:Lower Layer Protocol 低層協議
MAC:Media Access Control 媒體訪問控制
MBR:Master Boot Record 主引導記錄
MPPE:Microsoft Point to Point Encryption 微軟點對點加密
MTU:Maximum Transmission Unit 最大傳輸單元
NAT:Network Address Translation 網路地址轉換
NetBEUI:NetBIOS Expand User Interface NetBIOS擴展用戶介面
NetBIOS:Network Basic Input/Output System 網路基本輸入/輸入系統
NDIS:Network Driver Interface Specification 網路驅動程序介面規范
NFS:Network File System 網路文件系統
NIC:Network Interface Card 網路介面卡
NTFS:NT File System NT文件系統
F. 計算機網路(英文版第5版)的內容簡介
本書是全球最具有權威性和經典性的計算機網路教材,我國各大專院校也廣泛採用此書作為計算機網路課程的基本教材。作者tanenbaum教授以高深的理論造詣和豐富的實踐經驗,在書中對計算機網路的原理、結構、協議標准與應用等做了深入的分析與研究。
全書按照網路協議模型(物理層、數據鏈路層、介質訪問控制子層、網路層、傳輸層和應用層),自底向上逐層講述每一層所用的技術與協議標准,並給出大量實例!全書內容全面翔實,體系清晰合理,敘述由簡入繁、層層深入,自底向上方法也符合人類從底層到高層的認識規律,因此是公認的最適合網路入門隨著計算機網路的發展,本版對相關內容進行了大量修訂、更新和補充,具體更新內容如下:
無線網路(802.12和802.16)。
智能手機使用的3G網路。
RFID和感測器網路。
使用CDN進行內容分發。
對等網路。
實時媒體。
網路電話。
延遲容忍網路。
G. 一段英語翻譯(計算機網路)
有許多例子,說明超載原因congestion.For例如,一個可能的方式,以實現高吞吐量的網路可能是使所有的數據包的來源,他們可以快速,以便瓶頸網路連接運行在接近100 %的利用率。雖然這似乎是合理的,有點想表明,這種做法是自我完成defeating.All真的是長期排隊的現象和由此產生的數據包的端到端延遲,並增加丟包率,這對一個可靠的端到端的解決方案,結束傳輸層將導致大量的retransmissions.This因此十分錯誤的做法取得良好的網路throughput.this的例子也表明了基本實現高之間的緊張關系聯系起來的利用一方面(由數據傳輸快速) ,以及低利率的延誤和損失的其他(增加如果數據傳送速度過快) 。
這一概念的提出如何增加負荷,以實現高利用率不符合包損失和延誤的說明圖2.This數字顯示原理鑒於吞吐量作為一個功能提供負載網路。最初,在低級別的提供負載吞吐量大約是成正比提供負載,因為網路是利用不足,那麼,吞吐量高原價值euqal的瓶頸鏈路帶寬,因為數據包開始接收隊列
H. 計算機網路專業英語翻譯
連接設置: connection configuration 或者 connection setting吧
ARP防攻擊: Anti ARP attack
證書管理: Certificate management
撥號失敗提醒: Dial-up failure notification
恢復出廠設置可以直接用 Reset to default
你找到的這些已經是挺不錯的翻譯了,要麼你可以嘗試圖標加滑鼠指針提示吧
I. 計算機網路(英文版第5版)的介紹
《計算機網路(英文版·第5版)》是全球最具權威性和經典性的計算機網路教材,我國各高等院校也廣泛採用此書作為計算機網路課程的基本教材、Tanenbaum教授以高深的理論造詣和豐富的實踐經驗,在書中對計算機網路的原理、結構、協議標准與應用等做了深入的分析與研究。
J. 計算機網路技術專業介紹英文介紹
Hello!
My name is Chunyu Wang, age 23 years old, and I graated from Dalian Vocational Technology College, post-secondary ecation. Ecation, science and technology in the Purcell Development Co., Ltd.I have been engaged in more than a year of work, software development and testing done.
I Like reading and sports, especially basketball.
Practical work hard, cheerful personality.
I have a certain degree of learning ability and communication skills.